Associate Professor in spatial ecology at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle                                                                                                                                                        

My research focuses on movement ecology: I study the factors influencing animal movements (especially dispersal) and gene flow, with a particular emphasis on landscape composition and structure. I also study how human-triggered landscape modifications like fragmentation affect animal movements; and the consequences on population functioning and structure. My research is hence tightly linked to the management/conservation of populations, and to landscape management (e.g. connectivity restoration, french Trame Verte et Bleue policy).

Directeur de recherche CNRS

CEFE/CNRS
Campus du CNRS
1919, route de Mende
34293 Montpellier 5

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A l’interface entre écologie fonctionnelle et écologie des communautés, je cherche à comprendre les causes de variation de la biodiversité, aussi bien à l’échelle locale que continentale, et l’effet de changements de la biodiversité sur la dynamique et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes.

Chargée de recherche CNRS

CEFE/CNRS
1919, route de Mende
34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
Tél : +33/0 4 67 61 xx xx

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Google scholar : https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yyjumocAAAAJ&hl=fr

Orcid : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-9898

Directeur de Recherche CNRS

luis-miguel.chevin[at]cefe.cnrs.fr

I am interested in adaptive evolution in response to changing environments: its ecological causes, phenotypic and genetic underpinnings, and demographic consequences. 

Directeur de Recherche / Senior scientist

I study the evolution of adaptive diversity, using colour patterns in butterflies as a model. In my group, we integrate many different approaches, including ecology, genetics, and modelling, to try and untangle how multiple factors influence the evolution and maintenance of diversity and polymorphisms.

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Chargé de Recherche (CR1)

CNRS Researcher 

CEFE/CNRS
Campus du CNRS
1919, route de Mende
34293 Montpellier cedex 5

Tél : +33 (0)4 67 61 32 89
Fax : +33 (0)4 67 61 33 36

xavier dot morin @ cefe dot cnrs dot fr

 (English version below)

Thèmes de recherche

(English follows)

Mes travaux cherchent à parvenir à une meilleure compréhension du déterminisme de la diversité végétale aux différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles, sa réponse aux changements futurs, et son rôle dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers. En particulier, je cherche donc à comprendre et prédire comment la biodiversité des écosystèmes forestiers s’organise selon différentes échelles spatiales, comment elle sera modifiée par les changements globaux, et quelles en seront les conséquences sur le fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes. Pour ce faire j’essaie de développer une approche intégratrice basée sur les processus. Mes travaux se focalisent principalement sur les espèces d'arbres et arbustes. Pour mener à bien ces objectifs, j’utilise aussi bien des résultats issus d’expérimentation, d’observations le long de gradients écologiques in situ, et de modélisation.

Plus précisément, mes travaux se déclinent selon deux axes majeurs :

1-·Expliquer la répartition des espèces d’arbres et leurs patrons de diversité de l’échelle continentale à l’échelle locale.

Ces travaux cherchent à identifier et comprendre quels sont les processus écologiques impliqués dans la limitation géographique actuelle des espèces d’arbres et quelle sera leur réponse au changement climatique, pour ainsi mieux modéliser la répartition des espèces en fonction des conditions environnementales via une approche mécaniste. De plus, j’ai étudié le lien entre la stratégie écologique des espèces ligneuses de la zone tempérée et leurs caractéristiques de répartition, dans un contexte évolutif. Enfin, au cours des dernières années, je m’intéresse aux mécanismes et facteurs qui régissent la coexistence des espèces à l’échelle locale.

2- Expliquer la relation entre diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle des ligneux et productivité forestière, et prédire comment cette relation sera affectée par les changements environnementaux à venir.

Ces travaux se focalisent sur l’étude du lien entre diversité (taxonomique, fonctionnelle, phylogénétique, en inter-spécifique mais aussi en intra-spécifique) et fonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers, notamment leur productivité, en fonction de gradients climatiques. En particulier, la recherche des processus écologiques sous-tendant les phénomènes, qui constitue le fil conducteur de mes travaux, apparaît de plus en plus comme une façon plus appropriée et plus fiable pour rendre compte des dynamiques résultant de l’effet des changements globaux sur les espèces, les communautés et les écosystèmes. 

Mes travaux reposent essentiellement sur deux types d’outils.

• Suivi à long terme du fonctionnement de l’écosystème forestier : Gradient Méditerrano-Alpin de Placettes forestières (GMAP)

Le dispositif GMAP est un réseau de placettes forestières distribuées le long de gradients climatiques (gradients latitudinaux nord-sud, gradients altitudinaux, en Provence et dans les Alpes) et différentes conditions de mélanges (en termes de composition de l’étage dominant de la canopée). Les forêts méditerranéennes et de montagne ont été choisies comme écosystèmes-modèles car celles-ci ont été identifiées comme particulièrement sensibles au changement climatique. Les placettes forestières (1000 m²) sont organisées par triplets, avec des peuplements purs et mélangés, situées le long de gradients environnementaux (régionaux et altitudinaux), pour explorer comment la productivité en bois, la régénération, et la décomposition des litières sont affectées par la diversité et la structure fonctionnelle des peuplements et les conditions environnementales. Les placettes sont distribuées le long d’un gradient latitudinal de 6 sites (pour le moment) entre Provence et Alpes du Nord, avec du Sud vers le Nord : la Sainte-Baume, le Lubéron, le Ventoux, le Vercors (Lente), et les Bauges. Chaque site comprend un gradient altitudinal de triplets de placettes (un peuplement mélangé avec le hêtre et une autre essence et les deux peuplements monospécifiques associés, celui de hêtre et de l’autre essence). Ce dispositif a été initié depuis 2012 grâce à divers projets (projets ANR BioProForet DIPTICC, projet BGF DISTIMACC - GIP ECOFOR, projet ERA-NET REFORM - SumForest), et a intégré l’OSU-OREME comme tâche d’observation long terme en 2018.

• Modélisation

Dans un contexte forestier où l’expérimentation s’avère délicate, le recours à la modélisation est un outil pertinent et prometteur pour explorer la relation diversité-productivité, dans la limite de nos connaissances actuelles des mécanismes régissant la dynamique forestière. Depuis plusieurs années je développe ainsi un modèle inter-échelles basé sur des processus pour répondre à des questions d’écologie des communautés et d’écologie fonctionnelle. Le but est d’abord de parvenir à un modèle permettant de faire des tests théoriques en forêts méditerranéennes et tempérées, mais de pouvoir ensuite obtenir un outil avec des portées opérationnelles.

Si vous êtes intéressés par ces travaux, n'hésitez pas à me contacter.

English:

My research activities aim at achieving a better understanding of the processes driving plant diversity at different spatial and temporal scales, diversity response to on-going and future changes, and the role of diversity in the functioning of forest ecosystems. In particular, I therefore seek to understand and predict how the biodiversity of forest ecosystems is organized at different spatial scales, how it will be modified by global change, and what the consequences will be for the functioning of these ecosystems. To do this, I try to develop an integrative approach based on processes. My work focuses mainly on tree and shrub species. To achieve these objectives, I rely on experimental results and observations along ecological gradients in situ, as well as modelling.

More precisely, my activities can be divided into two major areas:

1--Explaining the distribution of tree species and their diversity patterns from continental to local scale.

This work seeks to identify and understand the ecological processes involved in the geographical limitation of tree species and their response to climate change, in order to better model species distribution according to environmental conditions, through a mechanistic approach. In addition, I have studied the link between the ecological strategy of temperate zone woody species and their distribution characteristics, in an evolving context. Finally, I am interested in the mechanisms and factors that govern the coexistence of species at the local level.

2- Explaining the relationship between specific and functional diversity of woody species and forest productivity, and predicting how this relationship will be affected by future environmental changes.

This work focuses on studying the link between diversity (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic, interspecific but also intra-specific) and the functioning of forest ecosystems, particularly their productivity, as a function of climate gradients. In particular, the search for the ecological processes underlying the patterns, which is the guiding principle of my work, is increasingly emerging as a more appropriate and reliable way to account for the dynamics resulting from the effect of global changes on species, communities and ecosystems.

My work is essentially based on two types of tools.

• Long-term monitoring of forest ecosystem functioning: Mediterranean-Alpine Forest Plot Gradient (GMAP)

The GMAP design is a network of forest plots distributed along climatic gradients (north-south latitudinal gradients, altitudinal gradients, in Provence and in the Alps) and different mixing conditions (in terms of composition of the dominant canopy stage). Mediterranean and mountain forests have been chosen as model ecosystems because they have been identified as particularly sensitive to climate change. Small forest plots (1000 m²) are organized in triplets, with pure and mixed stands, located along environmental gradients (regional and altitudinal), to explore how wood productivity, regeneration, and litter decomposition are affected by stand diversity and functional structure and environmental conditions. The plots are distributed along a latitudinal gradient of 6 sites (for the moment) between Provence and the Northern Alps, with from South to North: Sainte-Baume, Lubéron, Ventoux, Vercors (Slow), and Les Bauges. Each site includes an altitudinal gradient of triplet plots (one stand mixed with beech and another species and the associated two monospecific stands, beech and the other species). This system has been initiated since 2012 through various projects (ANR BioProFor and DIPTICC projects, BGF DISTIMACC - GIP ECOFOR project, ERA-NET REFORM project - SumForest), and integrated OSU-OREME as a long-term observation task in 2018.

• Modelling

In a forest context where experimentation is difficult, modelling appears as a relevant and promising tool to explore the diversity-productivity relationship, within the limits of our current knowledge of the mechanisms governing forest dynamics. For several years I have been developing a cross-scaling model based on ecological processes to test hypotheses in community ecology and functional ecology. The aim is first to build a model that allows theoretical tests to be carried out in Mediterranean and temperate woodlands, but then to obtain a tool with operational scope.

If you are interested by one of the aspects of these topics, please contact me.

Selected Publications

Morin X. & Chuine I. 2006. Niche breadth, competitive strength and range size of tree species. Ecology Letters, 9, 185-195.

Morin X., Ameglio T., Ahas R., Besson C., Lanta V., Lebourgeois F., Miglietta F. & Chuine I. 2007. Variation of cold hardiness and carbohydrate contents from dormancy induction to budburst among populations of three European oak species. Tree Physiology; 27, 817-825.

Morin X., Augspurger C. & Chuine I. 2007. Process-based modeling of tree species’ distributions. What limits temperate tree species’ range boundaries? Ecology, 88, 2280-2291.

Morin X., Viner D. & Chuine I. 2008. Tree species range shifts at a continental scale: new predictive insights from a process-based model. Journal of Ecology, 96, 784-794.

Morin X. & Lechowicz, M. J. 2008. Contemporary perspectives on the niche that can improve models of species range shifts under climate change. Biology Letters, 4, 443-602.

Morin X. & Thuiller W. 2009. Comparing niche- and process-based models to reduce prediction uncertainty in species range shifts under climate change. Ecology, 90, 1301–1313.

Article critiqué et sélectionné pour faire partie de la « Faculty of 1000 - Biology » http://www.f1000biology.com/article/id/1163801

Morin X., Lechowicz M. J., Augspurger C., O’Keefe J., Viner D. & Chuine I. 2009. Leaf phenology changes in 22 North American tree species during the 21st century. Global Change Biology, 15, 961–975.

Article cité dans la section ‘News’ de la revue Nature (Novembre 2010) : http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101129/full/news.2010.637.html

Morin X., Roy J., Sonié L. & Chuine I. 2010. Climate change impact on the phenology of three European oak species: results from a field experiment. New Phytologist, 186, 900-910.

Chuine I., Morin X. & Bugmann H. 2010. Warming, photoperiods, and tree phenology. Science, 329, 277-278.

McMahon S. M., Harrison S. P., Armbruster W. S., Beale C., Edwards M. E., Kattge J., Midgley G., Morin X., & Prentice I. C. 2011. Improving assessments of climate-change impacts on global biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 26, 249-529

Morin X. & Lechowicz M. J. 2011. Geographical and ecological patterns of range size in North American trees. Ecography, 34, 738–750.

Morin X., Fahse L., Scherer-Lorenzen M. & Bugmann H. 2011. Tree species richness promotes productivity in European temperate forests through a strong complementarity effect. Ecology Letters, 14, 1211–1219.

Dormann C. F., Schymanski S. J., Cabral J., Chuine I., Graham C., Hartig F., Kearney M., Morin X., Römermann C., Schröder B. & Singer A. 2012. Correlation and process in species distribution models: bridging a dichotomy. Journal of Biogeography, 39, 2119-2131.

Morin X. & Lechowicz M. J. 2013. Niche breadth and range area in North American trees. Ecography, 36, 300-312.

Morin X. & Chuine I. 2014. Will tree species experience increased frost damage due to climate change? Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 44, 1555-1565.

Morin X., Fahse L., De Mazancourt C., Scherer-Lorenzen M. & Bugmann H. 2014. Diversity enhances the temporal stability of forest productivity in time because of stronger asynchrony in species dynamics. Ecology Letters, 17, 1526-1535

Chauvet, Kunstler G., Roy J. & Morin X. 2017. Using a forest dynamics model to link community assembly and traits structure. Functional Ecology. 31, 1452–1461.

Bernard M., Boulanger V., Dupouey JL., Laurent L., Montpied P., Morin X., Picard JF. & Saïd S. Deer browsing promotes Norway spruce at the expense of silver fir in the forest regeneration phase. Forest Ecology & Management. 400, 269-277.

Morin, Fahse L., Jactel H., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Garcia-Valdés R. & Bugmann H. 2018. Long-term response of forest productivity to climate change is mostly driven by change in tree species composition. Nature Scientific Reports. 8, 5627.

Garcia-Valdés R., Bugmann H. & Morin X. Diversity loss effects on forest functioning: comparing the effect of random vs. climate change-driven species extinctions. Diversity & Distributions, 24:906–918. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12744

Jactel H., Gritti E.S., Drössler, Forrester D.I.,  Mason W.L., Morin X.,  Pretzsch H.,  Castagneyrol B. 2018. Positive biodiversity–productivity relationships in forests: climate matters. Biology Letters. 14: 20170747

Cordonnier T., Kunstler G., Courbaud B., Morin X. 2018. Managing tree species diversity and ecosystem functioning through coexistence mechanisms. Annals of Forest Sciences. 75: 65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0750-6

Liens / Links

Lien Google Schoral

Lien ResearchGate

Post-doctorant

CEFE/CNRS
Campus du CNRS
1919, route de Mende
34293 Montpellier 5

Fax : +33/0 4 67 61 33 36

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Chargé de recherche CNRS (CRCN)

Tel : +33 (0)4 67 61 32 15

E-mail : prenom.nom [at] cefe.cnrs.fr

Directeur de recherche CNRS (DR2)

Tel : +33 (0)4 67 61 32 15

E-mail : firstname.name [at] cefe.cnrs.fr

Plus d'information sur mon site web personnel.

More information on my personal web site.

Directeur de Recherche CNRS

CEFE
Campus du CNRS
1919, route de Mende
34293 Montpellier 5
Tél : +33/0 4 67 61 32 91
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@Th_Lenormand

My principal area of research is Evolutionary genetics and evolutionary ecology. I have a broad expertise in evolutionary biology, genetics and ecology.

I have been working on adaptation and mutation, local adaptation, evolution of genetic systems (sex, recombination, sex chromosomes), evolution of gene duplicates, speciation, genetic conflicts, dispersal, biotic interactions (parasites, microbiota), statistics and fitness measures. I have been working with many empirical systems (vertebrates, insects, crustaceans, fungi, plants, helminths, bacteria), in the lab and in the field.

Currently, my scientific activity rests on three axes: first I do theoretical work (theoretical population genetics, statistics, and bioinformatics development). I am particularly interested currently on the evolution of gene expression (on sex chromosomes or in asexuals). Second, I work on small crustaceans Artemia and Daphnia. I’m particularly interested currently on sex-asex transitions, biotic interactions and adaptation to temperature. Third, I do experimental evolution on E. coli. I'm particularly interested on testing fitness landscape models, adaptation to different doses of antibiotics, and coevolution of species coexisting by frequency dependence.

Research interests by keywords
adaptation, local adaptation, migration, speciation, (sex) chromosomes, clines, sex, parthenogenesis, meiosis, recombination, epistasis, dominance, mutations, resistance, duplications, modifiers, mating systems, sexual conflicts, parasites, microbiota.

Brief CV

Research director CNRS (DR1)
HDR (2007)
Ph.D Evolutionary Biology (1998)

Radcliffe Fellow, Harvard Univ. (2017-2018)
ERC "starting grant" (2007)
Theodosius Dobzhansky Prize (Society for the Study of Evolution), 2000
Young Investigator Prize (American Society of Naturalists), 2000

ResearchGate, GoogleScholar,  AcademicTree

	Editor2012 - 2015
	Associate editor2005 - 2008
	Associate editor2004 - 2011
	Associate editor2003 - 2007

Interested to join the lab?

If you're interested by the research topics mentionned above, or related ones, do not hesitate to contact me to discuss possible internships, PhDs or postdocs.

Preprints

Molinier C, Lenormand T, Haag CR. 202X. No support for a meiosis suppressor in Daphnia pulex: Comparison of linkage maps reveals normal recombination in males of obligate parthenogenetic lineages. bioRxiv.

Laroche F, Lenormand T. 202X. The genetic architecture of local adaptation in a cline. bioRxiv.

Recent papers

Lenormand T, Roze D. 2022. Y recombination arrest and degeneration in the absence of sexual dimorphism. Science,375:663-666. https://www.science.org/stoken/author-tokens/ST-327/full

Muyle A, Marais GAB, Bačovský V, Hobza R, Lenormand T. 2022. Dosage compensation evolution in plants: theories, controversies and mechanisms. Philosophical Transactions B, in press

Pais-Costa AJ, Lievens EJ, Redón S, Sánchez MI, Jabbour-Zahab R, Joncour P, Van Hoa N, Van Stappen G, Lenormand T. 2022. Strong transgenerational effects but no genetic adaptation in zooplankton 24 years after an abrupt+ 10° C climate change. bioRxiv. Evolution Letters in press.

Rode NO, Jabbour-Zahab R, Boyer L, Flaven É, Hontoria F, Van Stappen G, Haag C, Lenormand T. 2022. The origin of asexual brine shrimps. Am. Nat. in press.

Boyer L, R Zahab, M Mosna, C Haag, T Lenormand. 2021. Not so clonal asexuals: unraveling the secret sex life of Artemia parthenogenetica. Evolution Letters 5:164-174.

Bestová H, Segrestin J, von Schwartzenberg K, Škaloud P, Lenormand T, Violle C. 2021. Biological scaling in green algae: the role of cell size and geometry. Scientific Reports 11: 1-9.

Simion P, Narayan J, Houtain A, Derzelle A, Baudry L, Nicolas E,... and Van Doninck K. 2021. Chromosome-level genome assembly reveals homologous chromosomes and recombination in asexual rotifer Adineta vaga. Science advances, 7: eabg4216.

Lenormand, T., Fyon, F., Sun, E., & Roze, D. 2020. Sex chromosome degeneration by regulatory evolution. Current Biology 30: 3001-3006.

Lievens EJP, Y Michalakis, T Lenormand. 2020. Trait-specific trade-offs prevent niche expansion in two parasites. Recommended by PCI Evol Biol. JEB 33:1704-1714.

Harmand N, V Federico, T Hindre, T Lenormand. 2019. Non-linear frequency-dependent selection promotes long-term coexistence between bacteria species. Ecology Letters 22, 1192-1202

Lievens EJP, Rode NO, Landes J, Segard A, Jabbour-Zahab R, Michalakis Y, Lenormand T. 2019. Long-term prevalence data reveals spillover dynamics in a multi-host (Artemia), multi-parasite (Microsporidia) community. International Journal for Parasitology, 49, 471-480.

Selected publications by topics

Adaptation and mutation effects

Bourguet, D., T. Lenormand, T. Guillemaud, V. Marcel, D. Fournier, and M. Raymond. 1997. Variation of dominance of newly arisen adaptive genes. Genetics 147:1225-1234.

Chevin L.-M., G. Martin, T. Lenormand. 2010. Fisher’s model and the genomics of adaptation: restricted pleiotropy, heterogeneous mutation and parallel evolution. Evolution 64: 3213-3231PDF

Gallet R., Latour Y., Bradley H., and T. Lenormand. 2014. The dynamics of niche evolution upon abrupt environmental change. Evolution 68:1257-1269

Gallet R, Violle C, Fromin N, Jabbour-Zahab R, Enquist B, Lenormand T. 2017. The evolution of bacterial cell size: the internal diffusion-constraint hypothesis. ISME J. 11:1559-156

Harmand N, Gallet R, Jabbour-Zahab R, Martin G, Lenormand T. 2016. Fisher’s geometrical model and the mutational patterns of antibiotic resistance across dose gradients. Evolution 71:23-37.

Harmand N, Gallet R, Martin G, Lenormand T. 2018. Evolution of bacteria specialization along an antibiotic dose gradient.Evol.Let. in press.

Jasmin J.-N., Lenormand T. 2016.Accelerating mutational load is not due to synergistic epistasis or mutator alleles in mutation accumulation lines of yeast. Genetics DOI115.182774

Labbé, P., Sidos, N., Raymond, M., and Lenormand, T., 2009. Resistance Gene Replacement in the Mosquito Culex Pipiens: Fitness Estimation from Long Term Cline Series. Genetics 182:303-312PDF

Lenormand, T., D. Roze, F. Rousset. 2009. Stochasticity in evolution. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 24: 157-165.PDF

Lenormand T, Chevin LMC, Bataillon T. 2016. Parallel evolution : what does it (not) tell us and why is it (still) interesting? [Book chapter, in Chance in EvolutionRamsey G & C Pence Eds, Univ. Chicago Press]. 

Lenormand, Nougué O, Jabbour-Zahab R, Arnaud F, Dezileau L, Chevin L.-M and Sánchez M. 2017 Resurrection Ecology in Artemia. Evol Appl. 11:76-87

Lenormand T, Harmand N, Gallet R. Cost of resistance: an unreasonably expensive concept. bioRxiv.

Manna F., Martin G., and T. Lenormand. 2011. Fitness landscape: an alternative theory for the dominance of mutations. Genetics 189:923-937.PDF.

Manna F., Gallet R., Martin G., and T. Lenormand. 2012. The high throughput yeast deletion fitness data and the theories of dominance. JEB, 25:892-903.PDF.

Martin, G., and T. Lenormand. 2006. A general multivariate extension of Fisher's geometrical model and the distribution of mutation fitness effects across species. Evolution 60:893-907. AwardedFisher Prize 2007, Best PhD paper published in Evolution in 2006.PDF

Martin, G., and T. Lenormand. 2006. The fitness effect of mutations in stressful environments: a survey in the light of fitness landscape models. Evolution 60:2413-2427.PDF

Martin, G., S.F. Elena and T. Lenormand. 2007. Distributions of epistasis in microbes fit predictions from a fitness landscape model. Nature Genetics 39:555-560.PDF

Martin, G., and T. Lenormand. 2008. The distribution of beneficial and fixed mutation fitness effects close to an optimum. Genetics. 179: 907-916.PDF

Martin, G., and T. Lenormand. 2015. The fitness effect of mutations across environments: Fisher's geometric model with multiple optima.Evolution 69:1433-1447

Nougué O, Svendsen N, Zahab R, Lenormand T, Chevin LM. 2016.The ontogeny of tolerance curves : habitat quality versus acclimation in a stressful environment.J. Anim. Ecol. Doi 10.1111/1365-2656.12572.

Local adaptation

Alberto F., S. N. Aitken, R. Alía, S. C. González-Martínez, H. Hänninen, A. Kremer, F. Lefèvre, T. Lenormand, S. Yeaman, R. Whetten, O. Savolainen. 2013. Potential for evolutionary responses to climate change - evidence from tree populations. Global Change Biology doi: 10.1111/gcb.12181.

Debarre F., Lenormand, T. and Gandon S. Evolutionary epidemiology of drug-resistance in space. 2009. PLoS Comp. Biol. 5:e1000337.PDF

Debarre F.,and T. Lenormand. 2011.Distance-limited dispersal promotes coexistence at habitat boundaries: reconsidering the competitive exclusion principle. Ecology Letters, 14: 260-266PDF

Epinat, G., and T. Lenormand. 2009. The evolution of assortative mating and selfing with in- and outbreeding depression. Evolution. 63: 2047-2060.PDF

Gallet R, Latour Y, Hughes B S, Lenormand T. 2014. The dynamics of niche evolution upon abrupt environmental change. Evolution 68: 1257-1269

Guillemaud, T., T. Lenormand, D. Bourguet, C. Chevillon, N. Pasteur, and M. Raymond. 1998. Evolution of resistance in Culex pipiens: Allele replacement and changing environment. Evolution 52:443-453.

Labbe, P., T. Lenormand, and M. Raymond. 2005. On the worldwide spread of an insecticide resistance gene: a role for local selection. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18:1471-1484.PDF

Lenormand, T. 2002. Gene flow and the limits to natural selection. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17:183-189.PDF

Lenormand, T., D. Bourguet, T. Guillemaud, and M. Raymond. 1999. Tracking the evolution of insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens. Nature 400:861-864.PDF

Lenormand, T., and M. Raymond. 1998. Resistance management: the stable zone strategy. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 265:1985-1990.PDF

Lenormand, T., and M. Raymond. 2000. Analysis of clines with variable selection and variable migration. American Naturalist 155:70-82.PDF

Milesi P, Lenormand T., Lagneau C, Weill M, Labbé P. 2016. Relating Fitness to Long-term Environmental Variations in natura.Molecular Ecoloy 25:5483-5499.

Gene duplication evolution

Labbe, P., A. Berthomieu, C. Berticat, H. Alout, M. Raymond, T. Lenormand, and M. Weill. 2007. Independent duplications of the acetylcholinesterase gene conferring insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24:1056-1067. PDF

Lenormand, T., T. Guillemaud, D. Bourguet, and M. Raymond. 1998. Appearance and sweep of a gene duplication: Adaptive response and potential for new functions in the mosquito Culex pipiens. Evolution 52:1705-1712. PDF

Labbé P., Milesi P., Yébakima A., Weill M., and T. Lenormand. 2014. Gene dosage effects on fitness in recent adaptive duplications : ace-1 in the mosquito Culex pipiens. Evolution 68: 2092-2101

Labbe, P., C. Berticat, A. Berthomieu, S. Unal, C. Bernard, M. Weill and T. Lenormand. 2007. Forty years of erratic insecticide resistance evolution in the mosquito Culex pipiens. PLoS Genetics, 3:e205. PDF

Milesi P, Weill M, Lenormand T., Labbé P. 2017. Heterogeneous gene duplications can be adaptive because they permanently associate overdominant alleles.Evolution Letters, in press

Sex, recombination, life cycles

Fyon F, Lenormand T. 2018. Cis-regulator runaway and divergence in asexuals. Evolution 10.1111/evo.13424

Haag C, Theodosiou L, Zahab R, Lenormand T. 2017. Low recombination rates in sexual species and sex-asex transitions Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. DOI: 10.1098/rstb. 2016-0461

Lenormand T, Engelstädter J, Johnston SE, Wijnker E, Haag CR. 2016. Evolutionary mysteries in meiosis. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B, Doi 10.1098/rstb.2016.0001. alsohereon BiorXiv

Lenormand, T. 2003. The evolution of sex dimorphism in recombination. Genetics 163:811-822.PDF

Lenormand, T., and S. P. Otto. 2000. The evolution of recombination in a heterogeneous environment. Genetics 156:423-438.PDF

Lenormand, T., and J. Dutheil. 2005. Recombination difference between sexes: A role for haploid selection.PLoS Biology 3:396-403. PDF

Lenormand T, Roze D, Cheptou P-O, Maurice S. 2010. L'évolution du sexe: un carrefour pour la biologie évolutive. in Biologie évolutive.M. Raymond, F. Thomas, T. Lefèvre, Eds. DeBoeck.
Everything you ever wanted to know about sex, but in French

Lievens EJP, Henriques GJB, Michalakis Y, Lenormand T. 2016.Maladaptive sex ratio adjustment in the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Curr Biol. 26:1463–1467

Martin, G., S. P. Otto, and T. Lenormand. 2006. Selection for recombination in structured populations. Genetics 172:593-609.PDF

Mollion M, Ehlers BK, Figuet E, Santoni S, Lenormand T, Maurice S, Galtier N, Bataillon T. 2017.Patterns of genome-wide nucleotide diversity in the gynodioecious plant Thymus vulgaris are compatible with recent sweeps of cytoplasmic genes. Genome biology and evolution 10:239-248

Nougué O, Flaven E, Jabbour-Zahab R, Rode N O, Dubois M-P, Lenormand T. 2015. Characterization of nine new polymorphic microsatellite markers in Artemia parthenogenetica. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 58, 59-63

Nougué O, Rode NO, Jabbour Zahab R, Ségard A, Chevin LMC, Haag C, Lenormand T. 2015. Automixis in Artemia: solving a century old controversy. J. Evol. Biol. 28:2337-2348

Otto, S. P., and T. Lenormand. 2002. Resolving the paradox of sex and recombination. Nature Reviews Genetics 3:252-261.PDF

Rescan M, Lenormand T, Roze D. 2016. Interaction between genetic and ecological effects on the evolution of life cycles. American Naturalist 187: 19-34

Roze, D., and T. Lenormand. 2005. Self-fertilization and the evolution of recombination. Genetics 170:841-857.PDF

Henry, P. Y., L. Vimond, T. Lenormand, and P. Jarne. 2006. Is delayed selfing adjusted to chemical cues of density in the freshwater snail Physa acuta? Oikos 112:448-455.PDF

Svendsen N, Reisser CMO, Dukić M, Thuillier V, Ségard A, Liautard-Haag C, Fasel D, Hürlimann E, Lenormand T, Galimov Y and Haag CR. 2015. Uncovering Cryptic Asexuality in Daphnia magna by RAD-Sequencing. Genetics 201:1143-1155

Speciation

Bierne, N., T. Lenormand, F. Bonhomme, and P. David. 2002. Deleterious mutations in a hybrid zone: can mutational load decrease the barrier to gene flow? Genetical Research 80:197-204.PDF

Chevin, L.-M., Decorzent G., T. Lenormand. 2014. Niche dimensionality and the genetics of ecological speciation. Evolution 68:1244-1256

Fel-Clair, F., J. Catalan, T. Lenormand, and J. Britton-Davidian. 1998. Centromeric incompatibilities in the hybrid zone between house mouse subspecies from Denmark: Evidence from patterns of NOR activity. Evolution 52:592-603.

Fel-Clair, F., T. Lenormand, J. Catalan, J. Grobert, A. Orth, P. Boursot, M. C. Viroux, and J. BrittonDavidian. 1996. Genomic incompatibilities in the hybrid zone between house mice in Denmark: Evidence from steep and non-coincident chromosomal clines for Robertsonian fusions. Genetical Research 67:123-134.

Ganem, G, C. Litel, and T. Lenormand. 2008. Variation in mate preference across a house mouse hybrid zone. Heredity. 6:594-601PDF

Gay, L., P. Crochet, D. Bell, and T. Lenormand. 2008. Comparing genetic and phenotypic clines in hybrid zones: a window on tension zone models. Evolution 62: 2789-2806PDF

Lenormand T. 2012. From local adaptation to speciation: specialization and reinforcement. International Journal of Ecology. Ecological speciation (special issue) article ID 508458.PDF

Lenormand, T., F. FelClair, K. Manolakou, P. Alibert, and J. BrittonDavidian. 1997. Chromosomal transmission bias in laboratory hybrids between wild strains of the two European subspecies of house mice.Genetics 147:1279-1287. PDF

Dispersal

Billiard, S., and T. Lenormand. 2005. Evolution of migration under kin selection and local adaptation. Evolution 59:13-23. PDF

Lenormand, T., T. Guillemaud, D. Bourguet, and M. Raymond. 1998. Evaluating gene flow using selected markers: A case study. Genetics 149:1383-1392. PDF

Rieux A, Lenormand T., Carlier J., de Lapeyre de Bellaire L., Ravigne V. 2013 Using neutral cline decay to estimate contemporary dispersal: a generic tool and its application to a major crop pathogen.Ecology Letters 16 :721-730

Genetic conflicts

Autran D, Baroux C, Raissig MT, Lenormand T, Wittig M, Grob S, Steimer A, Barann M, Klostermeir UC, Leblanc O, Vielle-Calzada JP, Rosenstiel P, Grimanelli D, Grossniklaus U. 2011.Maternal epigenetic pathways control parental contributions to Arabidopsisearly embryogenesis. Cell 145: 707-719.PDF

Cailleau A., P.-O. Cheptou, T. Lenormand. 2010. Ploidy and the evolution of endosperm of flowering plants. Genetics 184:439-453.PDF

Cailleau A, Grimanelli D, Cheptou P-O, Lenormand T. 2018. Dividing a maternal pie among half-sibs: genetic conflicts and the control of resource allocation to seeds in maize. Am. Nat. in press.

Fyon F., Cailleau A., Lenormand T. 2015. Enhancer runaway and the Evolution of diploid gene expression.PLoS Genet. DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005665.

Rode N., Charmantier A., Lenormand T. 2011.Male-female coevolution in the wild : evidence from a time series inArtemia franciscana. Evolution 65:2881-2892.PDF
On the web See a great summary by Carl Zimmerhere or in Wiredhere.

Biotic interactions

Ehlers B., David P., Damgaard C.F., Lenormand T. 2016. Competitor relatedness, indirect soil effects, and plant co-existence. Journal of Ecology 104: 1134-1135

Gallet, R., T. Lenormand and I.-N. Wang, 2012 Phenotypic stochasticity prevents lytic bacteriophage population from extinction during bacterial stationary phase. Evolution 66: 3485-3494.PDF

Lievens EJP, Rode NO, Landes J, Segard A, Jabbour-Zahab R, Michalakis Y, Lenormand T. 2018. Long-term prevalence data reveals spillover dynamics in a multi-host (Artemia), multi-parasite (Microsporidia) community. bioRxiv 248542.

Lievens EJP, Perreau JMA, Agnew P, Michalakis Y, Lenormand T. 2018. Decomposing parasite fitness in a two-host, two-parasite system reveals the underpinnings of parasite specialization. bioRxiv 256974.

Nougué O, Gallet R, Chevin LMC, Lenormand T. 2015.Niche Limits of Symbiotic Gut Microbiota Constrain the Salinity Tolerance of Brine Shrimp. American Naturalist 186:390-403
Microbiota impact the niche and an extended definition of realized niches

Rode N.O., Lievens EJP, Flaven E., Segard A., Jabbour-Zahab R., Sanchez M, Lenormand T. 2013. Why join groups? Lessons from parasite-manipulated Artemia. Ecology Letters 16:493-501.PDF
On the web:Parasites Make Their Hosts Sociable So They Get Eaten. Ed Yong's National Geographic Blog

Rode N.O., Landes J., Lievens E.J.P., Flaven E., Segard A., Jabbour-Zahab R., Michalakis Y., Agnew P., Vivares C., Lenormand T. 2013. Cytological, molecular and life cycle characterization of Anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp. and Enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp., two new microsporidian parasites infecting gut tissues of the brine shrimp Artemia.Parasitology 140:1168-1185

Sánchez M.I., N.O. Rode, E. Flaven, S. Redón, F. Amat, G.P. Vasileva, T. Lenormand.2012. Differential susceptibility to parasites of invasive and native species of Artemia living in sympatry: consequences for the invasion ofA. franciscana in the Mediterranean Region. Biological Invasion, 14:1819-1829.PDF

Sanchez M., Pons I., Martinez-Haro M., Taggart M.A., Lenormand T., Green A. 2016. When parasites are good for health: cestode parasitism increases resistance to arsenic in brine shrimps. PLoS PathogensDOIe1005459

Vasileva G.P., Redon S., Amat F., Nikolov P.N., Sanchez M., Lenormand T., Georgiev B.B. 2009 Records of cysticercoids of Fimbriarioides tadornae (Maksimova, 1976) and Branchiopodataenia gvozdevi (Maksimova, 1988) (Cyclophyllidea, Hymenolepididae) from brine shrimps at the Mediterraneancoasts of Spain and France, with a key to cestodes from Artemia spp. from the Western Mediterranean.Acta Parasitologica 54: 143-150. PDF

Fitness

Gallet R., Cooper T., Elena S.F., T. Lenormand. 2012. Measuring selection coefficients below 10^-3 : method, questions and prospects. Genetics, 190:175-186.PDF
Over 150 millions phenotypes scored, one of the most precise measure of selection ever made and the questions it raises

Gimenez O., R. Covas, C. Brown, M. Anderson, M. Bomberger Brown, and T. Lenormand. 2006. Nonparametric estimation of natural selection on a quantitative trait using capture-mark-recapture data. Evolution 60:460-466.PDF

Gimenez O., Gregoire A., Lenormand T. 2009. Estimating and visualizing fitness surfaces using mark-recapture data.Evolution. 63: 3097-3105.

Lenormand T, Rode NO, Chevin LMC, Rousset F. 2016. Valeur sélective: définitions, enjeux et mesures. in Biologie évolutive 2nd edition.M. Raymond, F. Thomas, T. Lefèvre, Eds. DeBoeck.
Everything you ever wanted to know about fitness, but in French

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