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  • Aurelie.Coulon

    Associate Professor in spatial ecology at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle                                                                                                                                                        

    My research focuses on movement ecology: I study the factors influencing animal movements (especially dispersal) and gene flow, with a particular emphasis on landscape composition and structure. I also study how human-triggered landscape modifications like fragmentation affect animal movements; and the consequences on population functioning and structure. My research is hence tightly linked to the management/conservation of populations, and to landscape management (e.g. connectivity restoration, french Trame Verte et Bleue policy).

  • altDirecteur de recherche CNRS

    CEFE/CNRS
    Campus du CNRS
    1919, route de Mende
    34293 Montpellier 5

    This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    A l’interface entre écologie fonctionnelle et écologie des communautés, je cherche à comprendre les causes de variation de la biodiversité, aussi bien à l’échelle locale que continentale, et l’effet de changements de la biodiversité sur la dynamique et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes.

  • Directeur de Recherche CNRS

    CNRS Senior scientist

    INSB/INEE

    Section 28 CNRS - Brain, Behavior & Cognition

    email: julien[dot]renoult[at$]cefe[dot]cnrs[dot]fr

    P8120477 copie

    Julien RENOULT

    CEFE-CNRS, 1919 route de Mende

    34293 Montpellier 5 FRANCE

    Last update: Nov 6th 2025

     

    GO DIRECTLY TO:  Who am I?Main research projectsPublications

    *****

    Research areas

    - evolution and diversification of animal color patterns 

    - evolutionary & computational aesthetics (aesthetic theory of efficient processing applied to artworks, plants and animals)

    - processing bias (sparse coding, efficient categorization)

    - models of animal vision (colour vision, pattern recognition)

    - proximate mechanisms of mate choice

    - Methods: Artificial intelligence for neuroscience and evolutionary ecology

     

    Who am I?

    I am an evolutionary biologist, cognitive scientist and naturalist. My main objective is to understand how do evolve complex and extravagant visual signals such as the eyespots of the peacock, the danse of the birds of paradise, and some artworks in humans. My research hypothesis is beauty. Using approaches of empirical psychology, computational neuroscience, artificial intelligence and philosophy of aesthetics, my goal is to identify the biological mechanisms underlying the beauty judgment in order to develop mechanistic models that predict this judgement. I then transfer these models to other animals to understand how beauty influences behaviors and, ultimately, the evolution of communication signals in nature.

    I am also working on methods to characterize visual phenotypes, with applications in community ecology, evolutionary biology and systematics. I am particularly interested in how to use artificial intellgience to describe visual phenotypes and to model animal vision.

    I am also conducting or participating to several research projects in ornithology and ichthyology (fish, and in particular gobies, of the Northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean region). 

     

    Main research projects

    WildCom-AI (ANR 2020-2025) - Artificial Intelligence for Studying Communication in Wild Animals (PI: J Renoult)

     

    Darters (NSF 2020-2025)- Preferences, information theory, and the evolution of signal design (PI: T Mendelson & J Renoult) 

     

    BIRDHABITAT-PATTERN (2025-2026) - AI for studying the role of habitat in the diversification of bird plumage color patterns. With Chris Cooney (Univ Sheffield), Maximilien Servajean (UMR LIRMM) & Jérome Pasquet (UMR TETIS). CNRS programm AISSAI. 

     

    GO DIRECTLY TO:

    Visual ecology & evolution

    Cognitive science/Computational neuroscience/Empirical Aesthetics

    Marine biology

    Others (mostly phylogenetics, population genetics and natural history)

     

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    Visual ecology & evolution

    RENOULT, J. P., KARPINSKI, R., SAUVADET, L., KREYER, M., MBADOUMOU, R., ROURA-TORRES, B., BANIEL, A, CHARPENTIER, M. J. E. (2025). Vision transformers for age prediction from facial images in a wild primate. Methods in Ecology and Evolutionhttps://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.70187

    DIBOT, N. M., RENOULT*, J. P., & PUECH*, W. (2025). Generation and Editing of Mandrill Faces: Application to Sex Editing and Assessment. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications, 21(8), 1-23. [PDF]

    SILVA, N.J., FERREIRA, A. C., SILVA, L. R., PERRET, S., TIEO, S., RENOULT, J. P., COVAS, R., DOUTRELANT, C. (2025).  A deep learning approach to detect and visualise sexual dimorphism in monomorphic species. Animal Behaviour. 25: 123223.

    ARIAS, M., BEHRENDT, L., DRESSLER, L., RAKA, A., PERRIER, C., ELIAS, M., GOMEZ, D., RENOULT, J.P., TEDORE, C. (2024). Testing the equivalency of human “predators” and deep neural networks in the detection of cryptic moths. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 38, 214-224. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voae146

    HÉJJA-BRICHARD, Y. H., RAYMOND, M., CUTHILL, I. C., MENDELSON, T. C., & RENOULT, J. P. From natural to sexual selection: Revealing a hidden preference for camouflage patterns. bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.27.559753

    HÉJJA-BRICHARD, Y., MILLION, K., RENOULT, J. P.*, & MENDELSON, T. C.* (2024). Using neural style transfer to study the evolution of animal signal design: A case study in an ornamented fish. Ecological Informatics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102881

    HEJJA-BRICHARD, Y., RENOULT, J., & MENDELSON, T. (2024). Comparative analysis reveals assortative mate preferences in darters independent of sympatry and sex. Ecology & Evolution14(10), e11498.

    TIEO, S., DEZEURE, J., CRYER, A., LEPOU, P., CHARPENTIER, M. J., & RENOULT, J. P. (2023). Social and sexual consequences of facial femininity in a non-human primate. Iscience26(10).

    BYBEE, S.M., FUTAHASHI, R., RENOULT, J.P., SHARKEY, C., SIMON, S., SUVOROV, A., WELLENREUTHER, M. (2023). Transcriptomic insights into Odonata ecology and evolution. In Dragonflies and Damselflies, 2nd Ed. (CORDOBA-AGUILA, A., BEALTY, C.D., BRIED, J.T.). Oxford University Press. [Book chapter] [PDF]

    CHARPENTIER, M.J.E, POIROTTE, C., ROURA-TORRES, B., AMBLARD-RAMBERT, P., WILLAUME, E., KAPPELER, P.M., ROUSSET, F., RENOULT, J.P. (2022) Mandrill mothers associate with infants who look like their own offspring using phenotype matching. Elife. 11, e79417

    LANGLOIS, J., GUILHAUMON, F., BALETAUD, F., CASAJUS, N., […], RENOULT, J.P., […], MOUQUET, N. (2022). Global mismatch between the aesthetic value of reef fishes and their conservation priorities. Plos Biology20(6):e3001640.

    HULSE S.V., RENOULT, J.P., MENDELSON T.M. (2022). Using deep neural networks to model similarity between visual patterns: application to fish sexual signals. Ecological Informatics67:101486 [PDF]

    CHARPENTIER M.J., HARTE M., POIROTTE C., DE BELLEFON J.M., LAUBI B., KAPPELER P.M., RENOULT J.P. (2020). Same father, same face: deep-learning reveals paternally-derived signalling of kinship in a wild primate. Science Advances. 6, eaba3274. [PDF]

    DUFOUR P., GUERRA CARANDE J., RENAUD J., RENOULT J.P., LAVERGNE S., CROCHET P.-A. (2020). Plumage colouration in gulls responds to their non-breeding climatic niche. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 29: 1704-1715. [PDF]

    JOFFARD N., LE RONCE I., LANGLOIS A., RENOULT J.P., BUATOIS B., DORMONT L., & SCHATZ B. (2020). Floral trait differentiation in Anacamptis coriophora: phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 33: 1028-1038.

    BLIARD L., PAQUET M., ROBERT A., DUFOUR P.,
 RENOULT J.P.,
 GREGOIRE A., CROCHET P.-A., COVAS R., DOUTRELANT C. (2020). Examining the link between relaxed predation and bird colouration on islands. Biology Letters. 16: 20200002.

    FERREIRA A.C., SILVA L.R., RENNA F., BRANDL H.B., RENOULT J.P., FARINE D.R., COVAS R., DOUTRELANT C. (2020). Deep learning-based methods for individual recognition in small birds. Methods in Ecology & Evolution. 11: 1072-1085.

    DE SOLAN T., RENOULT J.P., GENIEZ P., DAVID P., & Crochet P.A. (2020). Looking for mimicry in a snake assemblage using deep learning. The American Naturalist. 196: 74-86. [PDF]

    HULSE S.V., MENDELSON T.C.*, RENOULT J.P.*. (2020). Sexual signals of fish species mimic the spatial statistics of their habitat: evidence for processing bias in animal signal evolution. Nature Communications. 11: 1-8. [

    RENOULT J.P., KELBER A., SCHAEFER H.M. (2017). Colour spaces in ecology and evolutionary biology. Biological Reviews. doi: 10.1111/brv.12230 [PDF]

    BINKENSTEIN J., STANG M., RENOULT J.P., SCHAEFER H.M. (2017). Weak correlation of flower color and nectar-tube depth in temperate grassland. Journal of Plant Ecology. 10 : 397-405

    DOUTRELANT C., PAQUET M., RENOULT J.P., GREGOIRE A., CROCHET P.-A., COVAS R. (2016). Worldwide patterns of bird colouration on islands. Ecology Letters. 19: 537-545.

    RENOULT J.P., VALEUR B. (2015). Les couleurs de la vie – Mécanismes de production, fonctions et diversité. L’Actualité Chimique. 397-398 : 12-18.

    RENOULT J.P., BLÜTHGEN N., BINKENSTEIN J., WEINER C.N., WERNER M., SCHAEFER H.M. 2015. Linking community to sensory ecology: the relative importance of color signaling for plant generalization in pollination networks. Oikos. 124: 347-354. [PDF]

    RENOULT J.P., VALIDO P., JORDANO P., SCHAEFER M. (2014). Adaptation of flower and fruit colours to diversified mutualists. New Phytologist201: 678-686. [PDF]

    RENOULT J.P., THOMANN M., SCHAEFER H.M., CHEPTOU P.-O. (2013). Selection on quantitative colour variation in Centaurea cyanus: the role of the pollinator’s visual system. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 26: 2415-2427.

    RENOULT J.P., COURTIOL A., SCHAEFER H.M. (2013). A novel framework to study colour signaling to multiple species. Functional Ecology. 27: 718-729. [PDF]

    BINKENSTEIN J., RENOULT J.P., SCHAEFER H.M. (2013). Increasing land-use intensity decreases floral colour diversity and changes composition of plant communities in temperate grasslands. Oecologia173: 461-471.

    RENOULT J.P., SCHAEFER H.M., SALLE B., CHARPENTIER M.J.E. (2011). The evolution of the multicoloured face of mandrills: insights from the perceptual space of colour vision. PlosOne, 6:e29117.

    SCHATZ, B., DELLE-VEDOVE, R., RENOULT, J., et al. (2011). Couleur de fleur d’orchidées et insectes. Le Courrier de la Nature. 260 : 24-36.

    RENOULT J.P, COURTIOL A., KJELLBERG F. (2010). When assumptions on visual system evolution matter: nestling colouration and parental visual performance in birds. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 23:220-226

     

    Cognitive science/Computational neuroscience/Empirical Aesthetics

    MENDELSON, T. C.*, RENOULT, J. P.*, ROSENTHAL, G., SHUKER, D. On the biological basis of beauty. (2025) Biological Review.[PDF]

    TIEO, S., BARDIN, M., BERTIN-JOHANNET, R., DIBOT, N., MENDELSON, T. C., PUECH, W., & RENOULT, J. P. (2024). Comparing activation typicality and sparsity in a deep CNN to predict facial beauty. Computational Brain & Behavior  [PDF]

    DIBOT, N. M., TIEO, S., MENDELSON, T. C., PUECH, W., & RENOULT, J. P. (2023). Sparsity in an artificial neural network predicts beauty: Towards a model of processing-based aesthetics. PLOS Computational Biology19(12), e1011703 [PDF]

    TIEO, S., RESTREPO-ORTIZ, C. X., ROURA-TORRES, B., SAUVADET, L., HARTÉ, M., CHARPENTIER, M. J., & RENOULT, J. P. (2023). The Mandrillus Face Database: A portrait image database for individual and sex recognition, and age prediction in a non-human primate. Data in Brief47, 108939.

    BELTZUNG, B., PELE, M., RENOULT, J.P., SUEUR, C. (2023). Deep learning for studying drawing behavior: A review. Frontiers in Psychology. 14: 992541.

    BELTZUNG, B., PELE, M., RENOULT, J.P., SUEUR, C. (2022). Using artificial intelligence to analyze non-human drawings: A first step with Orangutan productions. Animals. 12(20): 2761. [PDF]

    RENOULT, J.P. (2022). La Fluence, in Abécédaire de la beauté (éditeurs: ZERNIK, C. & JARICOT, J.). Editions B42. [Book chapter]

    CHARPENTIER, M. J., PELÉ, M., RENOULT, J.P., SUEUR, C. (2021). Social data collection and analyses, in Demographic Methods Across the Tree of Life (ed. Salguero-Gomez, R., Gamelon, M.), pp.53-76 [Book chapter].

    RENOULT J.P. (2019). Book review of "The Aesthetic Animal." Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture. 3: 105-108. [PDF]

    RENOULT J.P., GUYL B., MENDELSON T.C., PERCHER A., DORIGNAC J., GENIET F., MOLINO F. (2019). Modelling the Perception of Colour Patterns in Vertebrates with HMAX. bioRxiv, 552307.

    HOLZLEITNER I.J., LEE A.J., HAHN A.C., KANDRIK M., BOVET J., RENOULT J.P.,... & JONES B.C. (2019). Comparing theory-driven and data-driven attractiveness models using images of real women’s faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 45: 1589.

    RENOULT J.P., MENDELSON T.C. (2019). Processing bias: extending sensory drive to include efficacy and efficiency in information processing. Proceedings of the Royal Society B286: 20190165.

    KAPOULA Z., VOLLE E., RENOULT J.P., ANDREATTA M. (ed.). (2018). Exploring Transdisciplinarity in Art and Sciences. Springer [Edited book]. 

    RENOULT J.P. (2016). The evolution of aesthetics: a review of models. In Aesthetics and Neuroscience: Scientific and Artistic Perspectives, (KAPOULA Z. & VERNET M, ed.). pp. 271-300. Springer International Publishing. [Book chapter].

    RENOULT J.P., BOVET J., RAYMOND M. (2016). Beauty is in the efficient coding of the beholder. Royal Society Open Science. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160027. [PDF]

    CHARPENTIER M.J.E., HUCHARD E., GIMENEZ, O., SALLE, B., KAPPELER P., RENOULT J.P. (2012). Distribution of affiliative behavior across kin classes and their fitness consequences in mandrills. Ethology, 118: 1198-1207.

     

    Marine biology

    KOVAČIĆ, M., SVENSEN, R., RENOULT, J. P., PATZNER, R. (2025).  Checklist, key and latitudinal distribution of the eastern Atlantic marine gobies along the European coast (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae and Oxudercidae). Zootaxa. Zootaxa 5609 (1), 1-28.

    KOVAČIĆ, M., BERGENGER, L., RENOULT, J. P. (2024). Testing of the taxonomic diagnosis of Zebrus pallaoroi Kovačić, Šanda & Vukić, 2021 (Actinopteri: Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) on a large sample from the Western Mediterranean. Fishes. 9, 511. [PDF]

    MUCCIOLO, S., DESIDERATO, A., CHRISTIDIS, G., AMMAR, I. A., & ANTIT, M.,..., RENOULT, J.P., …, GEROVASILEIOU, V. (2024). New records of introduced species in the Mediterranean (August 2024). Mediterranean Marine Science25(2).

    DIGENIS, M., AKYOL, O., BENOIT, L., BIEL-CABANELAS, M., ÇAMLIK, Ö. Y., CHARALAMPOUS, K.,... RENOULT, J.P., & GEROVASILEIOU, V. (2024). New records of rarely reported species in the Mediterranean Sea (March 2024). Mediterranean Marine Science25(1), 84-115. [PDF]

    KOVACIC, M., ŠANDA, R., VUKIC, J., RENOULT, J. P., & FALZON, M.-A. (2023). New records of the recently described Pomatoschistus nanus Engin & Seyhan, 2017 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) (early view). Cybium. [PDF]

    RENOULT, J., MENUT, T., RUFRAY, X., LE BRIS, S., IGLESIAS, S. P., LOUISY, P.,... & PRAT, M. (2023). Les poissons cryptobenthiques de la baie d’Agay (Var). Cahiers de la Fondation Biotope39, 58 pages.

    KOVAČIĆ, M., RENOULT, J. P., PILLON, R., BILECENOGLU, M., TIRALONGO, F., BOGORODSKY, S. V.,... & YOKES, M. B. (2023). The delimitation of geographic distributions of Gobius bucchichi and Gobius incognitus (teleostei: Gobiidae). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering11(3), 516. [PDF]

    KOVAČIĆ, M., PILLON, R., RENOULT, J.P. (2022). Identification of enigmatic Mediterranean fish Gobius ater Bellotti, 1988 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) based on morphology from underwater photographs. Journal of Fish Biology, 101: 1381-1384 [PDF]

    RENOULT, J.P., PILLON, R., KOVAČIĆ, M.,  LOUISY, P. (2022). Frontiers in Fishwatching Series: Gobies of the Northestern Atlantic and the Mediterranean – Gobius and ThorogobiusLes cahiers de la fondation Biotope. 237 pages.

    KOVAČIĆ, M., RENOULT, J.P., PILLON, R., SVENSEN, R., BOGORODSKY, S., ENGEN, S., LOUISY, P. (2022). Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals. Zootaxa5144: 1-103.

    IGLESIAS, S. P., BARICHE, M.., …, RENOULT, J.P., …, TOURNIER-BROER, R. (2021). French ichthyological records for 2019. Cybium. 45: 169-188.

    SANTIN A., AGUILAR R., …, RENOULT J.P., …, TIRALONGO, F. (2021) New records of rare species in the Mediterranean Sea (March 2021). Mediterranean Marine Science, 22: 199-217.

    IGLESIAS S. P., BERGOT P., …, RENOULT J.P., …, THOMAS W. (2020). French ichthyological records for 2018. Cybium. 44: 285-307.

     

    Others (mostly phylogenetics, population genetics and natural history)

    ROCHAS, P., MINOT, M., MEZIERE, N., RENOULT J.P., JUILLERAT, N., URIOT, Q., URIOT, S., FOXONET, H., CERDAN, A. (2022). Check-list of Odonata from French Guiana with notes on their distribution, ecology, and new state records. Odonatologica, 51(3/4) : 175-224.

    RENOULT J.P., DELAHAIE B., DELATTRE J-C., DE FRANCESCHI C. , VEYRUNES F., LE BOT T. (2018). Chumming on multi-day sailing trip in Bay of Biscay. Dutch Birding40:96-98

    CROCHET P.-A., LEBLOIS R., RENOULT J.P. (2015). New reptile records from Morocco and Western Sahara. Herpetology Notes. 8 : 583-588.

    RENOULT, J.P. Arrivée de la Libellule purpurine Trithemis annulata (De Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) dans la vallée du Rhône. (2013). Sympetrum. 17: 81-82. 

    DURANT, E., RENOULT, J.P.(2012). Addition à l’odonatofaune de l’Adrar mauritanien. Poiretia, 2012, 4 : 7-16.

    CHARPENTIER M.J.E., FONTAINE M.C., CHEREL E., RENOULT J.P., JENKINS T., BENOIT L., BARTHES N., ALBERTS SC, TUNG J. (2012). Genetic structure in a dynamic baboon hybrid zone corroborates behavioral observations in a hybrid population. Molecular Ecology, 21:715-731.

    RENOULT J.P., GENIEZ P., BEDDEK M., CROCHET P.-A. (2010). An isolated population of Podarcis vaucheri (Sauria: Lacertidae) in south-eastern Spain: genetic data suggest human-mediated range expansion. Amphibia-Reptilia, 31:287-296.

    KJELLEBERG F., BAKOLIMALALA R., EDMOND R., RAFIDISON V., RABEVOHITRA R., RENOULT J., et. al. (2010). Corridors de végétation et conservation d'un groupe clé de voûte de la biodiversité au centre d'un réseau d'interactions: le cas des Ficus et des communautés associées. in Connaissance et Gestion des Milieux Tropicaux. p80-91. CNRS Edition. [Chapitre de livre].

    RENOULT J.P., GENIEZ P, BACQUET P., GUILLAUME C. P., CROCHET P.-A. (2010). Systematics of the Podarcis hispanicus-complex (Sauria, Lacertidae) II: the valid name of the north-eastern Spanish form. Zootaxa, 2500:58-68

    RENOULT J. (2009). The Sooty Gull, Larus hemprichii (Aves; Laridae), on Nosy Ve: first records for Madagascar. Malagasy Nature, 2:174-176.

    RENOULT J.P., GENIEZ P, BACQUET P., BENOIT L., CROCHET P.-A. (2009). Morphology and nuclear markers reveal extensive mitochondrial introgressions in the Iberian Wall Lizard species complex. Molecular Ecology. 18:4298-4315.

    RENOULT J.P., KJELLBERG F., SANTONI S., KHADARI B. (2009). Cyto-nuclear discordance in the phylogeny of Ficus section Galoglychia and host shifts in plant-pollinator associations. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9:248.

    RENOULT J.P. & RASELIMANANA A.P. (2009). A new species of Malagasy blind snake of the genus Typhlops Oppel (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Zootaxa,2290:65-68

    CROCHET P.-A., RENOULT J. (2008). Tarentola annularis annularis (Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire, 1827) preying on a mammal. Herpetology Notes, 1:58-59.

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  • image_de_profil

     

    Chargée de recherche CNRS

    I study animal movement and cognition and their environmental impacts, using a combination of theoretical modelling and data analysis.

    louise.riotte-lambert(at)cefe.cnrs.fr

    Google scholarOrcid

     

  • LMC portraitDirecteur de Recherche CNRS

    luis-miguel.chevin[at]cefe.cnrs.fr

    I am interested in adaptive evolution in response to changing environments: its ecological causes, phenotypic and genetic underpinnings, and demographic consequences. 

     

  • Directeur de Recherche / Senior scientist

    I study the evolution of adaptive diversity, using colour patterns in butterflies as a model. In my group, we integrate many different approaches, including ecology, genetics, and modelling, to try and untangle how multiple factors influence the evolution and maintenance of diversity and polymorphisms.

    This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • Directeur de Recherche (DR2)

    CNRS Researcher 

    PhotoXM2022b.jpg

     

    CEFE/CNRS
    Campus du CNRS
    1919, route de Mende
    34293 Montpellier cedex 5

    Tél : +33 (0)4 67 61 32 89
    Fax : +33 (0)4 67 61 33 36

    xavier dot morin @ cefe dot cnrs dot fr

     

    HDR : Impact des changements globaux sur la biodiversité et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers - soutenue le 11/2/2021
    Lien : HDR Xavier Morin

     

    Thèmes de recherche

    (English follows)

    Mes travaux cherchent à parvenir à une meilleure compréhension du déterminisme de la diversité végétale aux différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles, sa réponse aux changements futurs, et son rôle dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers. En particulier, je cherche donc à comprendre et prédire comment la biodiversité des écosystèmes forestiers s’organise selon différentes échelles spatiales, comment elle sera modifiée par les changements globaux, et quelles en seront les conséquences sur le fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes. Pour ce faire j’essaie de développer une approche intégratrice basée sur les processus. Mes travaux se focalisent principalement sur les espèces d'arbres et arbustes. Pour mener à bien ces objectifs, j’utilise aussi bien des résultats issus d’expérimentation, d’observations le long de gradients écologiques in situ, et de modélisation.

  • Post-doctorant

    Olivier Cotto

    CEFE/CNRS
    Campus du CNRS
    1919, route de Mende
    34293 Montpellier 5

    Fax : +33/0 4 67 61 33 36

    This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

     

     

  • Directeur de recherche ( DR1) CNRS

    tel :alt +33 (0)4 67 61 32 28

    This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

     Chercheur en Ecologie Evolutive, j'étudie l'évolution des systèmes de reproduction (sélection sexuelle, hermaphrodisme, autofécondation), et  la dynamique des communautés (bio-invasions, coexistence d'espèces) par des approches expérimentales, moléculaires, de terrain, et théoriques. J'enseigne la Génétique Quantitative à l'Université. 

    I am an evolutionary biologist. I study the evolution of mating systems (sexual selection, hermaphroditism, self-fertilization) as well as community eco-evolutionary dynamics (bio-invasions, species coexistence) through experimental, molecular, field, and theoretical approaches. I teach Quantitative Genetics.

     

    Mots clés : Organisme biologique : Invertébré- Milieu : Eaux continentales - Discipline : Génétique, Ecologie, Evolution - Technique : Biologie moléculaire, Génétique quantitative, Terrain

    Keywords : Organisme : Invertebrate- Habitat : Freshwater - Discipline : Genetics, Ecology, Evolution - Techniques : molecular biology, Quantitative genetics, Fieldwork

    Chercheur en biologie évolutive au CEFE depuis 2000, je m'intéresse à l'évolution des stratégies de reproduction et de laconsanguinité chez les animaux. J'étudie lasélection sexuelle, l'allofécondation, et l'isolement reproducteur, qui sont des stratégies évolutives pour augmenter la valeur sélective des descendants dans différents contextes. Récemment j'ai étendu mes recherches pour comprendre comment l'évolution destraits d'histoire de vie affecte ladiversité et la structure des communautés, à travers lesinvasions biologiques et les mécanismes decoexistence d'espèces dans des communautés spatialement structurées.

    J'utilise surtout trois techniques : lagénétique quantitative, les suivis de terrain à long terme, et les marqueurs moléculaires. De temps en temps un peu demodélisation. Mes animaux favoris sont les escargots d'eau douce, de fascinantes petites bêtes avec une étonnante diversité de modes de reproduction. Mais j'ai aussi travaillé avec des bivalves, des mouches, des amphibiens, des plantes (il n'y a pas que les oiseaux et les drosophiles dans la vie !). Je monte des expériences de génétique quantitative à grande échelle dans notre animalerie à mollusques. Je fais aussi un suivi régulier des mollusques invasifs et résidents des communautés aquatiques antillaises (Guadeloupe et Martinique). Ci-dessous plus de détails sur les 2 axes de recherche.


    Axe 1: Evolution des stratégies de reproduction et consanguinité

    Questions :

    Tout individu est le produit d'un événement de reproduction. Ces événements s'organisent en réseaux reproductifsou pédigrées de structure souvent non aléatoire. Ainsi les pédigrées peuvent être en partie découpés en parties disjointes (isolement reproductif), le nombre de descendants peut varier beaucoup d'un individu à l'autre (variance du succès reproducteur), des croisements peuvent se produire entre apparentés (consanguinité). Je recherche en quoi la structure des pédigrées affecte la distribution de la valeur sélective dans une population, et interagit avec l'évolution des stratégies de reproduction. Ces dernières sont des traits qui donnent aux individus l'opportunité de modifier la forme du pédigrée de sorte à augmenter la valeur sélective de leurs descendants : évitement des croisements interspécifiques ou consanguins, choix du partenaire.

     

    Modèles Biologiques :

    J'ai étudié les conséquences de la consanguinitéet de la reproduction croisée sur la valeur sélective, depuis la dépression de consanguinité jusqu'à la dépression hybride, chez plusieurs organismes comme les mollusques bivalves(clams Spisula ovalis; moules Mytilus spp.) les crapauds(Pelodytes punctatus), et l'escargot d'eau doucePhysa acuta. J'ai étudié l'isolement reproductif chez Mytilus, la sélection sexuelle et le choix du partenaire chez les mouches pédonculées(Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni), et les stratégies d'auto ou d'allofécondation chez les escargots d'eau douce(Bulinus truncatus, Physa acuta...) Actuellement je travaille surtout sur l'évolution de l'allocation au sexe et du système de reproduction chez Physa acuta.

     

    Quelques résultats remarquables :


    - Une série de modèles montrant comment la consanguinité au sens large (autofécondation, réductions de taille ou subdivision des populations) crée des corrélations positives entre l'hétérozygotie moléculaire (microsatellites, allozymes) et la valeur sélective. Ils incluent des méthodes statistiques pour analyser ces corrélations, ainsi qu'une étude de cas sur le bivalve Spisula ovalis.


    - Plusieurs études de génétique quantitative sur l'effet de la variation environnementale sur les systèmes de reproduction. Tout est une affaire de norme de réaction: l'interaction entre stress environnemental et qualité génétique, qui détermine le développement des ornements sexuels des mâles de mouches pédonculées; la perte, induite par la chaleur, de l'appareil copulateur mâle chez l'escargot Bulinus truncatus; le comportement d'attente de Physa acutaqui repousse sa première ponte (plutôt que de s'autoféconder) quand elle ne trouve pas de partenaire.


    - Une méthode pour estimer les taux d'autofécondationavec des données de génotypes multilocus dans une population, sans utiliser Fis, et donc sans les biais dûs aux allèles nuls et autres genotypages erronés. Disponible en freeware.

    - La découverte pour la première fois chez les animaux d'un ADN mitochondrial porteur de stérilité mâle, capable de transformer un hermaphrodite en femelle. Ces femelles coexistent avec des hermaphrodites normaux (gynodioécie) - un phénomène connu jusqu'ici seulement chez les plantes. Nous l'avons trouvé chez l'escargot Physa acuta. Les mitogénomes porteurs de stérilité mâle sont extrêmement divergents des mitogénomes normaux dans la même espèce, suggérant une évolution de type course-aux-armements. L'ADN mitochondrial, transmis uniquement par la mère, a évolutivement intérêt à privilégier la voie femelle au détriment de la voie mâle chez un hermaphrodite, aboutissant à un conflit avec les gènes nucléaires (transmis par les deux sexes).

    Projets en cours:

    L'essentiel de mes projets en cours sont sur Physa acutaoù j'étudie l'allocation au sexe, le comportement reproducteuret la sélection sexuelle. J'ai notamment mis en place des protocoles d'évolution expérimentale de l'allocation au sexe (qu'est-ce que cela fait d'arrêter la sélection sur la fonction femelle, ou sur la fonction mâle), de la gynodioécie (évolution de la stérilité mâle). En collaboration avec J. Tonnabel (ISEM), je m'intéresse, après avoir exploré la sélection sexuelle chez les hermaphrodites animaux, à la sélection sexuelle chez les plantes. Enfin, je m'intéresse à la nature de la dépression de consanguinité et au rôle potentiel de l'épigénétique dans son maintien.

     

     

     

     

    Spisula ovalis,espèce où j'ai detecté une corrélation entre hétérozygotie et valeur sélective due à la consanguinité; ceci contredit l'idée que les invertébrés marins à larves dispersant dans le plancton ont des populations parfaitement panmictiques

     

     

     

     

    Bulinus truncatus,individu avec son phallus sorti. Dans cette espèce le développement du phallus est supprimé chez certains individus. La probabilité de perte du phallus augmente avec la température, suivant une norme de réaction propre à chaque génotype

    Les pédoncules oculaires allongés de ce mâle de mouche pédonculée (Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni) sont un des traits que les femelles utilisent pour choisir les mâles qui donneront de bons gènes aux descendants. Dans les environnements très stressants, les contrastes entre mâles pour ce trait sont renforcés

     

     

     

     

     

     

    RMES, pour Robust Multilocus Estimates of Selfing, logiciel libre sous Windows pour estimer sans biais des taux d'autofécondation avec des données de génétique des populations. Cliquer sur l'icône pour télécharger la dernière version et son fichier d'aide

    Physa acuta, mon escargot favori et le premier cas de stérilité mâle cytoplasmique chez un animal (taille 1 cm). photo JP Pointier.

     


    Axe 2 : Traits d'histoires de vie, invasions biologiques et communautés

    Questions :

     

    Comprendrel'assemblage et la dynamique des communautés d'espèces est un objectif ancien en écologie. La plupart des modèles supposent que les espèces ont des traits fixes, donc que les événements écologiques sont instantanés à l'échelle du temps évolutif. Cependant deux processus évolutifs au moins contribuent à la construction des communautés : la spéciation et l'évolution des traits, qui modifie les interactions entre espèces. Lesinvasions biologiques sont un des processus d'assemblage des communautés. Je cherche à savoir (i)comment les traits évoluent pendant et après l'invasion d'une espèce (ii) si l'invasion est dépendante de certains traits. J'ai aussi travaillé sur les modèles destabilité  évolutive des communautés. Parmi des communautés écologiquement stables, seules quelques-unes sont évolutivement stables (i.e. les traits des espèces ne sont pas sélectionnés pour augmenter ou diminuer). Nous utilisons pour traiter cette question des modèles de trade-off entre traits (compétition et colonisation). Ebnfin je m'intéresse çà la question de l'inférence des mécanismes de coexistence ou d'interactions entre espèce (compétition, niche écologique) dans des métacommunautés : comment à partir de jeux de données observés comprendre les processus qui régissent les distributions (où une espèce est-elle trouvée), les corrélations (quelles espèces trouve-ton ensemble ou pas), les turnovers (comment changent les communautés dans le temps).

     

    Modèles biologiques:

     

    J'ai étudié deux modèles d'étude principaux : lesmouches des fruits (Tephritidae), une série de trois espèces invasives plus une endémique à l'île de La Réunion; et lesescargots d'eau douce aux antilles françaises, à travers l'invasion des rivières de Martinique par des escargots ThiaridésMelanoides tuberculata etTarebia granifera.etla dynamique desméta-communautés de mollusques d'eau douce, à la fois indigènes et introduits, dans un système de rivières et de mares en Guadeloupe.

     

    Quelques résultats remarquables:

     - En combinant phylogéographie moléculaire, suivis de terrain, et génétique quantitative, nous avons analysé la diversité des traits d'histoire de vie dans les populations introduites deMelanoides tuberculata. Ce jeu de données constituela démonstration la plus spectaculaire que les populations invasives peuvent accumuler de la diversité génétique pour des traits écologiquement importants grâce à des introductions répétées. Cette diversité est encore augmentée par la production de nouveaux phénotypes par des croisements entre souches introduites.

    - les modèles spatiaux d'invasion sont classiquement fondés sur des équations de diffusion en paysage continu. Mais beaucoup d'invasions ont lieu dans des habitats fragmentés (par ex. eaux douces).Nous avons mis au point un modèle d'invasion en métapopulation et estimé ainsi des paramètres de colonisation pour un invasion récente : celle de l'escargot Tarebia graniferaen Martinique. Grâce au modèle nous pouvons re-simuler l'invasion, en changeant certains paramètres (densité et taille des sites favorables, point d'introduction etc.) pour comprendre l'effet des caractéristiques du paysage et de la stochasticité sur la dynamique d'invasion. Cette démarche a au fil des années été développée pour estimer simultanément les paramètres de colonisation et d'extinction de toutes les espèces d'une guilde (celle des escargots d'eau douce des mares de Guadeloupe), en prenant en compte leurs différentes "niches" (le fait que les milieux favorables à l'une ne sont pas ceux qui sont favorables à l'autre). Nous arrivons ainsi, pour la première fois, à évaluer la diversité des niches dans une métacommunauté.

    La mare de Saint-Félix en Guadeloupe est l'un des200 sites où nous suivons annuellement les communautés de mollusques d'eau douce

    Melanoides tuberculata.Cette collection de coquilles montre l'étonnante diversité morphologique des souches invasives de cette espèce. Ces souches diffèrent aussi pour des traits d'histoire de vie comme la fécondité ou la taille des juvéniles. [couverture d'un numéro de Current Biol., 2008]

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    4 espèces de mouche des fruits (Tephritidae), une endémique (haut à gauche) et trois envahisseuses successivement introduites dans l'île de la Réunion (Océan Indien) . L'aptitude à la compétition augmente à chaque nouvel envahisseur.

    On a longtemps cherché des traits typiques des espèces invasives. Nous avons émis et validé l'hypothèse quele succès invasif dépend des valeurs de trait relatives d'une espèce par rapport aux espèces locales apparentées avec lesquelles elle est en compétition. Avec des expériences en laboratoire nous montrons que dans une série d'espèces deTephritidae ayant envahi successivement l'île de La Réunion, les plus récentes sont compétitivement dominantes sur les anciennes Contrairement aux hypothèses classiques, les meilleurs envahisseurs ont des taux de croissance intrinsèque (r) relativement faibles.

    Projets en cours:

     Je continue à travailler sur l'analyse statistique de données de terrain (Thiaridés de Martinique, mollusques d'eau douce de Guadeloupe) pour (i) reconstituer les interactions entre espèces (compétition notamment) à partir des dynamiques temporelles d'invasion ou de turnover dans des métacommunautés (ii) comprendre les mécanismes decoexistence des espèces dans les méta-communautés de mollusques de Guadeloupe, et en particulier l'effet de la diversité des traits d'histoire de vie et des systèmes de reproduction sur cette coexistence.


     


    Collaborations:

    L'essentiel de mes recherches est partagé avecPhilippe Jarne. Nous fonctionnons en symbiose et co-dirigeons les étudiants depuis plus de dix ans (et la symbiose n'a toujours pas tourné au parasitisme!). Nous collaborons régulièrement avecJean-Pierre Pointier, un génial expert en malacologie à l'EPHE de Perpignan.

    Autres collaborateurs sur Montpellier : Jeanne Tonnabel (sélection sexuelle plantes);Pierre-André Crochet (biologie des métapopulations et communautés d'amphibiens et reptiles),  Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès(Génétique des populations, phylogéographie, parasitisme escargots), Elodie Chapuis(évolution des traits d'histoire de vie), Jonathan ROMIGUIER (génomique des escargots et stérilité mâle)

    En-dehors de Montpellier :  Emilien Luquet (UCBL, Lyon plasticité, évolution, épigénétique quantitative), Sandrine Plénet (idem), Tristan Lefébure (UCBL Lyon, évolution ADN mitochondrial), Christoph Grunau et Céline Cosseau (UPVD Perpignan, épigénétique escargots), Vincent Calcagno(INRA-Sophia Antipolis; écologie des communautés); François Massol(CNRS- Université USTL de Lille), Pilar Alda et Nicolas Bonel (CONICET Bahia Blanca, Argentine; écologie et évolution des escargots vecteurs de parasitoses, évolution des systèmes de reproduction)

     

     


    Encadrements de Thèses:

     

    J'encadre actuellement les thèses de

    Romann CHARBONNIER (depuis oct. 2025) (thème : conflits cytoplasme-noyau et stérilité mâle chez la physe Physa acuta)
    Matthias RAPP (depuis oct. 2025) (thème : éco-évolution communautés d'escargots eau douce; Co-encadrement avec P. Jarne)

    Timothée CHENIN (depuis oct. 2023) (thème : sélection sexuelle chez les plantes; (Co-encadrement avec A. Mignot, directrice de thèse et J. Tonnabel, co-encadrante et encadrante principale)

     

    J'ai encadré les thèses de

    Fanny LAUGIER (2021-2024) (thème : conflits cytoplasme-noyau et stérilité mâle chez la physe Physa acuta). Actuellement: postdoc université d'Edimbourg (Ecosse)

    Thomas DE SOLAN (2017- 2020; co-encadrement avec P.A. Crochet) (thème : évolution phénotypique et phylogénie des reptiles méditerranéens; actuellement : cherche un emploi dans le domaine conservation / gestion)

    Maxime DUBART(2016-2019) (thème: Coexistence dans des métacommunautés; actuellement : après un postdoc à Lille (2 ans), en contrat secteur privé en R&D /informatique)

    Thomas LAMY(2008-2011) (thème: biologie des communautés et génétique des populations d'escargots d'eau douce. Actuellement : chercheur IRD Montpellier, après postdocs aux USA)

    Benjamin PELISSIE (2007-2010) (thème: allocation sexuelle et sélection sexuelle chez les escargots actuellement : postdoc aux USA, récemment recruté CIRAD La Réunion)

    Hélène JOURDAN (2007-2010)  (thème : biologie des métapopulations d'amphibiens; actuellement: chercheuse au CIRAD - ASTRE)

    Juan ESCOBAR (2005-2008) (thème : architecture génétique, systèmes de reproduction et sénescence chez les escargots. Actuellement : chercheur à Medellin, Colombie)

    Pierre-François DUYCK(2002-2005) (thème :Biologie de l'invasion et variation des traits d'histoire de vie chez les mouches; actuellement : chercheur CIRAD - La Réunion))

    Benoît FACON (2000-2003) (thème: Biologie de l'invasion et variation des traits d'histoire de vie chez les escargots (actuellement : chercheur INRAE au CBGP, Baillarguet)

    Marie-France OSTROWSKI (1999-2002) (thème : évolution des polymorphismes sexuels des escargots) 

    Anne TSITRONE (1998-2001) (thème : conséquences de la consanguinité sur les relations hétérozygotie-valeur sélective et l'évolution de l'histoire de vie. Actuellement : chanteuse lyrique, après avoir été chercheuse INRAE au SGAP, Mauguio))

    Nicolas BIERNE (1998-2001) (thème : isolement reproductif et spéciation chez les moules. Actuellement : chercheur CNRS à l'ISEM, Montpellier))

     

     


    Enseignement et responsabilités à l'université :

    Je fais chaque année des cours de biologie évolutive (ca 20 à 40 h /an) en master 1 et 2 (BEE) et école doctorale  (sélection sexuelle, génétique quantitative, génmique évolutive, théorie de l'évolution). Beaucoup plus chronophage, je suis depuis 2019 directeur adjoint de l'école doctorale GAIA, en charge de la filière EERGP (Ecologie-Evolution-Ressources Génétiques-Paléontologie; entre 150 et 200 doctorants en activité chaque année).


    Publications (click on publication number, left column to get pdf)

    P149 Janicke, T., Arnqvist, G., Crochet, P.-A., David,P., Jarne, P., Lehtonen, J., Lenormand, T., Morrow, E.H., Parker, G.A, Saunders, P., Tonnabel, J., Veyrunes, F., Haag, C.R. 2026 Biological sex is binary and rooted in anisogamy. Ecology Letters 29(7) : e70426
    P148 Tonnabel, J., David, P., Janicke, T. 2026 Sexual selection in plants and animals: towards a unified framework. Trends in Ecology and Evolution41(6) : 514-526
    P147 Bonel, N., Grunau, C., David , P. 2026 Not just mutations : inbreeding depression persists without genetic variation Evolution Letters, qrag008 (hal-04977368v1 )
    https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrag008
    P146 Skarlou, E.*, Laugier, F*, Béthune, K., Chenin, T., Donnay, J.-M., Froissard, C., David, P. (2025) Complex genetic determination of male-fertility restoration in the gynodioecious snail Physa acuta. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 38(11) : 1423-1434  (*co-first authors) hal-05413973v1
    P145 Laugier, F., Béthune, K., Plumel, F., Froissard, C., Donnay, J. M., Chenin, T., Rousset, F. & David, P. (2025). Cytoplasmic Male Sterility declines in the presence of resistant nuclear backgrounds. American Naturalist, 206(1): 16-30 hal-05370429v1
    P144 Bererd, S., David, P., Teulier, L., Plénet, S., & Luquet, E. (2025). Temperature-dependent benefits and costs of cytoplasmic male sterility in snail Physa acuta. Proceedings B, 292(2038), 20241762. hal-04901658v1
    P143 Laugier, F., Saclier, N., Béthune, K., Braun, A., Konecny, L., Lefébure, T., Luquet, E., Plénet, S., Romiguier, J., David, P. 2024 Both nuclear and cytoplasmic polymorphisms are involved in genetic conflicts over male fertility in the gynodioecious snail, Physa acuta. Evolution, 78(7) : 1227-1236 https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpae053 hal-04707802v1
    P142 Baudry, T., Millet, L., Jarne, P., David, P., Grandjean, F. 2024 Multiple invasions and predation : the impact of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatuson invasive and native snails. Ecology and Evolution 14 :e11191 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11191 hal-05370429v1
    P141 Chapuis, E., Jarne, P., David, P. 2024 Rapid life-history evolution reinforces competitive asymmetry between invasive and resident species. Peer Community Journal, 4 : e25. https://doi.org/10.24072/pcjournal.394 hal-04550058v1
    P140 Bonel, N., Nakadera, Y., Piza, J., Vazquez, A. A., Koene, J. M., David, P., Jarne, P., Alda, P. 2023. Chapter 10 : Reproductive strategies, genetic diversity and invasive ability in Lymnaeidae. Pp. 265-284 in Vinarski, M. V. & Vazquez, A. A. (eds). The Lymnaeidae, Zoological Monographs 7, Springer Nature Switzerland https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30292-3_10 hal-04976552v1
    P139 De Solan, T., Sinervo, B., Geniez, P., David, P., Crochet, P.-A. 2023 Colour polymorphism and conspicuousness do not increase speciation rates in Lacertids. Peer Community Journal 3 : e111. https://doi.org/10.24072/pcjournal.345 hal-04310381v1
    P138 Calcagno, V., David, P., Jarne, P., Massol, F. 2023 Coevolution of species colonisation rates controls food-chain length in spatially structured food webs. Ecology Letters26 : S140-S151. doi: 10.1111/ele.14263 hal-04310381v1
    P137

    David, P.,Degletagne, C., Saclier, N., Jennan, A., Jarne, P., Plénet, S., Konecny, L., François, C., Guéguen, L., Garcia, N., Lefébure, T.*, Luquet, E.* 2022 Extreme mitochondrial DNA divergence undelies genetic conflict over sex determination. Current Biology, 32(10), 2325-2333.e6 doi : 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.014

    [It is intellectually frustrating when some theory seems to apply only to one group for no particular reason. This was the case of cytonuclear conflict theory: nuclear genes are inherited from both parents, while cytoplasmic genes (such as mitochondrial genes) are usually propagated only through eggs. The two types of genes are therefore exposed to conflicts over how much energy a hermaphrodite should spend producing female versus male gametes. We have lots of examples in plants, where mitochondria capable of suppressing pollen production evolve, triggering counter-adaptation of nuclear genes restoring pollen production. But surprisingly not a single convincing example in animals. Well, until we discovered the first one in my favourite snail, Physa acuta. The story started with an amazingly divergent mtDNA, so much so that it took us lots of double-checks to ascertain it was in the same species as the standard P. acuta mtDNA. Indeed it was, but the snails carrying it turned out to be incapable of inseminating standard P acuta, though they happily received their sperm. They had lost the male function, with practically zero sperm production and no male behavior. Among snails, P. acuta is now definitely my hero: It is the first example of cytoplasmic male sterility in animals, and it has the highest degree of molecular divergence ever observed between two mitogenomes within a eukaryotic species. This coincidence suggests that accelerated evolution has played a role in a potential evolutionary arms-race between mitochondrial and nuclear genes.]

     P135 Tonnabel, J., David, P., Pannell, J.R. 2022 Rapid divergence in vegetative morphology of a wind-pollinated plant between populations at contrasting densities. Evolution, 76(8) : 1737-1748 doi:10.1111/evo.14539
     P134 Pantel, J. H., Lamy, T., Dubart, M., Pointier, J.-P., Jarne,P., David, P. 2022. Metapopulation dynamics of multiple species in a heterogeneous landscape. Ecological Monographs, 92 :e1515 doi :10.1002/ecm.1515.
     P133 Jourdan-Pineau, H., Crochet, ¨P.-A.*, David, P.* 2022 Bimodal breeding phenology in the Parsley Frog Pelodytes punctatus as a bet-hedging strategy in an unpredictable environment despite strong priority effects. Peer Community Journal, 2:e57 (* equal contributions)
     P132 Janicke, T., Chapuis, E., Meconcelli, S., Bonel, N., Delahaie, B., David, P. 2022 Environmental effects on the genetic architecture of fitness components in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Journal of Animal Ecology, 91 :124-137
     P131 Dubart, M., Pointier, J.-P., Jarne, P., David, P. 2022 Niche filtering, competition and species turnover in a metacommunity of freshwater molluscs Oikos : e09157. doi: 10.1111/oik.09157
     P130 De Solan, T., Théry, M., Picard, D., Crochet, David, P., P.-A., Secondi, J. 2022 A lot of convergence, a bit of divergence: environment and interspecific interactions shape body color patterns in Lissotriton newts. Journal of Evoluionary Biology, 35 :575-588. DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13985
     P129 Tonnabel, J., David, P., Janicke, T., Lehner, A., Mollet, J.-C., Pannell, J.R., Dufay, M. 2021 The scope for postmating sexual selection in plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution36 (6) : 556-567 (hal-03190294v1)
     P128 Luviano, N., Lopez, M., Gawehns, F., Chaparro, C. ; Arimondo, P. B.; Ivanovic, S., David, P., Verhoeven, K., Cosseau, C., Grunau, C. 2021 The methylome of Biomphalaria glabrata and other mollusks: enduring modification of epigenetic landscape and phenotypic traits by a new DNA methylation inhibitor. Epigenetics and Chromatin 14 :48. doi : 10.1186/s13072-021-00422-7
     P127 Jarne, P., Lozano del Campo, A., Lamy, T., Chapuis, E., Dubart, M., Segard, A., Canard, E., Pointier, J.-P., David, P. 2021 Connectivity and selfing drive population genetic structure in a patchy landscape: a comparative approach of four co-occurring freshwater snail species. Peer Community Journal, 1, e21. doi : 10.24072/pcjournal.29
     P126 Alda, P., Lounnas, M., Vázquez, A. A., Ayaqui, R., Manuel Calvopina, M., Celi-Erazo, M., Dillon, R., González Ramírez, L. C., Loker, E. S., Muzzio-Aroca, J., Nárvaez, A., Noya, O., Pereira, A. E., Martini Robles L., Rodríguez-Hidalgo, R., Uribe, N., David, P., Jarne, P., Pointier, J.-P., Hurtrez-Boussès, S.. 2021. Systematics and geographical distribution of Galba species, a group of cryptic and worldwide freshwater snails. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution157 :107035.[BioRxiv, 647867, v3 peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Evolutionary Biology] doi: 10.1101/647867. (hal-03174525v1)
     P125 Makiola, A., Compson Z. G., Baird, D. J., Barnes, M. A., Boerlijst, S. P., Bouchez, A., Brennan, G., Bush, A., Canard, E., Cordie, T., Creer, S., Curry, S. A., David, P., Dumbrell, A. J., Gravel, D., Hajibabaei, M., Hayden, B. van der Hoorn, B., Jarne, P., Jones, J. I., Karimi, B., Keck, F., Kelly, M., Knot, I. E., Krol, L., Massol, F., Monk, W. A., Murphy, J., Pawlowski, J., Poisot, T., Porter, T., Randall, K. C., Ransome, E., Ravigné, V., Raybould, A., Robin, S., Schrama, M., Schatz, B., Tamaddoni-Nezhad, A., Trimbos, K. B., Vacher, C., Vasselon, V., Wood, S., Woodward, G., Bohan D. A. 2020 Key questions for next-generation biomonitoring. Frontiers in Environmental Science7 : 197 (hal-02402296v1)
     P124 Fallet, M., Luquet, E., David, P., Cosseau, C. 2020 Epigenetic inheritance and intergenerational effects in mollusks. Gene 729 : 144166 (hal-02345327v1),
     P123 de Solan, T., Renoult, J. P., Geniez, P., David, P.*, & Crochet, P. A.* (2020). Looking for mimicry in a snake assemblage using deep learning. American Naturalist,196 : 74-86 bioRxiv, 789206. (*equal contributions) (hal-02378461v1)
     P122 De Carvalho Augusto, R., Rey, O., Cosseau, C., Chaparro, C., Vidal-Dupiol, J., Allienne, J.-F., Duval, D., Pinaud, S., Tönges, S., Andriantsoa, R., Luquet, E., Aubret, F., Dia Sow, M., David, P., Thomson, V., Joly, D., Gomes Lima, M., Federico, D., Danchin, E., Minoda, A., Grunau, C. 2020 A simple ATAC-seq protocol for population epigenetics. Wellcome Open Research5 :121 (hal-03145575v1)
     P121 Aubree, F., David, P., Jarne, P., Loreau, M., Mouquet, N., Calcagno, V., 2020. How community function affects biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Ecology Letters23 : 1263-1275. (hal-02992040, version 1)
     P120 Tonnabel, J., David, P., Pannell, J. R. 2019 Do metrics of sexual selection conform to Bateman’s principles in a wind-pollinated plant ? Proc. Roy. Soc. London B, 286: 20190532 (hal-02411612)
     P119 Tonnabel, J., David, P., Klein, E. K., Pannell, J. R., 2019. Sex-specific selection on plant architecture through 'budget' and 'direct' effects in experimental populations of a wind-pollinated herb. Evolution 73(5), 897-912 (hal-02411610)
     P118 Noël, E.*, Fruitet, E.*, Lelaurin, D., Bonel, N., Segard, A., Sarda, V., Jarne, P., & David P. (2019). Sexual selection and inbreeding: two efficient ways to limit the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Evolution Letters3-1 :80-92 recommended and peer-reviewed by PCI Evol Biolas bioRxiv, 273367 (*equal contributions) (hal-02366845v1)
     P117 Jabot, F., Laroche, F., Massol, F., Arthaud, F., Crabot, J., Dubart, M., Blanchet, S., Munoz, F., David, P., Datry, T. 2019 Assessing metacommunity processes through signatures in spatiotemporal turnover of community composition. Ecology Letters23 (9) : 1330-1339. peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Ecologyas bioRxiv480335 ver.3 (hal-02942285v1)
     P116 Dubart, M., Pantel, J. H., Pointier, J.-P., Jarne, P., David, P. 2019 Modelling competition, niche and coexistence between an invasive and a native species in a two-species metapopulation Ecology 100(6) e02700. doi:10.1002/ecy.2700(hal-02148415v1)
     P115 Lounnas, M., Correa, A.C., Alda, P., David, P., Dubois, M.P., Calvopiña, M., Caron, Y., Celi-Erazo, M., Dung, B.T., Jarne, P. and Loker, E.S., 2018. Population structure and genetic diversity in the invasive freshwater snail Galba schirazensis (Lymnaeidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 96(5) : 425-435. (hal-01953197v1)
     P114 Bonel, N.*, Noël, E.*, Janicke, T., Sartori, K., Chapuis, E., Ségard, A., Meconcelli, S., Pélissié, B., Sarda, V. and David, P., 2018. Asymmetric evolutionary responses to sex‐specific selection in a hermaphrodite. Evolution 72(10), 2181-2201. (* equal contributions) (hal-02411607)
     P113 Alda, P., Lounnas, M., Vázquez, A.A., Ayaqui, R., Calvopiña, M., Celi-Erazo, M., Dillon, R.T., Jarne, P., Loker, E.S., Muñiz-Pareja, F.C., Muzzio-Aroca, J., Narvaez, A.O., Noya, O., Robles, L. M., Rodriguez-Hidalgo, R., Uribe, N., David, P., Pointier, J.-P., Hurtrez-Boussès, S. 2018. A new multiplex PCR assay to distinguish among three cryptic Galba species, intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica. Veterinary Parasitology, 251 : 101-105 (hal-02016541v1)
     P112 Tonnabel, J. David, P. & Pannell, JR. (2017). Sex-specific strategies of resource allocation in response to competition for light in a dioecious plant. Oecologia 185:675-686.
     P111 Pantel, J. H., Bohan, D. A., Calcagno, V., David, P., Duyck, P.-F., Kamenova, S., Loeuille, N., Mollot, G., Romanuk, T. N., Thébault, E., Tixier, P., Massol, F. 2017. 14 questions for invasion in ecological networks. In : Bohan, D. A., Dumbrell, A. J., Massol, F., editors, Advances in Ecological Research,56 : 293-340. Academic Press, Oxford, U.K (hal-01453469v1)
    P110

    Noël, E., Jarne, P., Glémin, S., MacKenzie, A., Ségard , A., Sarda, V., David, P. 2017. Experimental evidence for the negative effects of self-fertilization on the adaptive potential of populations. Current Biology, 27 : 237-242

    [Some ideas in biology have been repeated over and over with surprisingly little evidence. This is the case of the opinion that selfing species are evolutionary dead-ends as they cannot respond to new selection pressures. We test this idea directly by comparing the reponse to artificial selection for a morphological trait in snail populations under either outcrossing and selfing, and with or without previous experience of self-fertilization. Selfing initially speeds up the response to selection, but then slows it down after a few generations while outcrossing lines continue to respond. This effect, consistent with the dead-end hypothesis, not only reflects an exhaustion of genetic variation but also an increase in nonheritable phenotypic variance under selfing. ]

     P109 Lounnas, M., Vázquez, A. A., Alda, P., Sartori, K., Pointier, J. P., David, P., Hurtrez-Boussès, S. 2017. Isolation, characterization and population-genetic analysis of microsatellite loci in the freshwater snail Galba cubensis (Lymnaeidae). Journal of MolluscanStudies 83 (1): 63-68 (hal-01418196v1)
    P108

    Lounnas, M., Correa, A. C., Vázquez, A. A., Dia, A., Escobar, J. S., Nicot, A., Arenas, J., Ayaqui, R., Dubois, M. P., Gimenez, T., Gutiérrez, A., González-Ramírez, C., Noya, O., Prepelitchi, L., Uribe, N., Wisnivesky-Colli, C., Yong, M., David, P., Loker, E. S., Jarne, P., Pointier, J. P., Hurtrez-Boussès, S. (2017), Self-fertilization, long-distance flash invasion and biogeography shape the population structure of Pseudosuccinea columella at the worldwide scale. Molecular Ecology, 26: 887–903

    [I participated in this large and collaborative microsatellite study set up by Sylvie Hurtrez-bousses and her PhD student Manon Lounnas, showing how a self-fertilizing freshwater snail can lose most of their genetic variation during invasion. Presumably originating forom North America, where its diversity is maximal, this species has colonized many places in Africa, Europe, Indian Ocean, caribbean and Pacific islands, and in all these places a single homozygous genotype is found - in sharp contrast with the situation of  invasive outcrossing snails such as Physa acuta -P88]

    P107

    Lamy, T., Laroche, F., David, P., Massol, F., Jarne, P. 2017 The contribution of species-genetic diversity correlations to the understanding of community assembly rules Oikos126(6) : 759–771.

    [We review the literature on correlations between species diversity and genetic diversity (SGDC) and show how they can be used to unravel community properties. We highlight the importance of spatial and temporal variation in carrying capacity and connectivity among habitat patches, and of the similarity of reponse to environmental variation and of modes of dispersal among the studied taxa, to determine the sign and intensity of SGDC. We propose statistical methods to incorporate environmental information in the analysis of SGDC in order to disentangle the processes at play  ]

    P106

    David, P., Thébault, E., Anneville, O., Duyck, P.-F., Chapuis, E., Loeuille, N. 2017 Impacts of invasive species on food webs : a review of empirical data. In : Bohan, D. A., Dumbrell, A. J., Massol, F., editors, Advances in Ecological Research, 56 : 1-60. Academic Press, Oxford, U.K.

    [Invasive species affect food webs by becoming new predators (top-down effect) or new prey (bottom-up) to resident species, but also by sharing prey,  thus competing with them, or sharing predators, thus exerting indirect competition. We review lots of empirical examples of these effects and come up with the idea that, regardless of the type of interaction, extreme impacts arise because of lack of coevolution combined with an invasion filter : non-coevolved species, exotic vs resident, tend to have more extreme interactions on average, in favor of either one or the other, but only when they are favorable to exotics do the latter successfully invade. Consequently, eco-evolutionary immaturity of resident food webs, due to historical isolation, recent eutrophication, lack of top-predators or of important feeding types, or anything that has kept diversity relatively low, make them prone to experience large (and irreversible) impacts of potential invaders. We discuss the potential lessons for remediation / conervation policies]

    P105

    Chapuis, E., Lamy, T., Pointier, J.-P., Juillet, N., Ségard, A., Jarne, P., David, P. (2017) Bioinvasion triggers rapid evolution of life histories in freshwater snails. American Naturalist 190:5, 694-706

    [It is now commonplace to describe bioinvasions as laboratories for rapid evolution; yet few examples are well documented. In the Guadeloupe pond network that we have been following since 2000, we were able to observe year after year the progression of the invasion by Physa acuta. With a large common-garden experiment comparing natural populations exposed to this invasion for different times, we show that Physa acuta triggers a rapid evolution of life-history traits in its related competitor Aplexa marmorata, towards earlier and more intense production of offspring, at the expense of lower egg/juvenile size and adult survival. A unique example of rapid evolution driven by the arrival of a new competitor]
    P104

    Calcagno, V., Jarne, P., Loreau, M., Mouquet, N., & David, P. 2017. Diversity spurs diversification in ecological communities. Nature Communications 8 : 15810

    [Evolution can contribute to the diversification of regional communities through a process of adaptive radiation. This process is often said to be triggered by the availability of niche space, and to gradually slow down as diversity builds up and niches become occupied. In this theoretical study, we question this view and show that, under three classical models of species coexistence, diversification is easier when some diversity is already present than when there is only one species. This may explain the slow start observed in adaptive radiations in some insular taxa (caribbean lizards) and experimental evolution settings ]

    P103

    Viard, F., David, P., Darling, J. 2016. Marine invasions enter the genomic era : three lessons from the past, and the way forward. Current Zoology, 62(6) : 629-642

    [Invasion genetics comes of age, but is now renewed thanks to NGS technology. We review what these new markers have recently brought to our knowledge of marine invasions. The large numbers of loci allow to study genetic structure with high sensitivity, revealing unsuspected dicontinuities and cryptic species complexes in marine populations; and making it possible to capture the faint genetic signals of the usually very moderate founder effects in recent invaders. However their value to understand adaptive processes during invasion will depend on our ability to maintain efforts on exhaustive geographic sampling and common-garden experiments ]

    P102

    Stoffel, M. A., Esser, M., Kardos, M., Humble, E., Nichols, H., David, P., Hoffmann, J. I. 2016 inbreedR : an R package for the analysis of inbreeding based on genetic markers. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7(11), 1331-1339

    [The computation of two-locus heterozygosity disequilibrium (or g2), initially described in David et al. 2007 and performed by the software RMES, is usually too long for NGS-based data. The low-computation-time approximation I initially derived for Hoffmann et al. 2014 is here made available as an R-package together with some resampling and graphic methods -thanks to the programming effort of M. Stoffel and colleagues  ]

    P101

    Noël, E., Chemtob, Y., Janicke, T., Sarda, V., Pélissié, B., Jarne, P., David, P. 2016. Reduced mate availability leads to evolution of self-fertilization and purging of inbreeding depression in a hermaphrodite. Evolution, 70: 625–640

    [Weexplore evolutionary scenarios of transitions from outcrossing to selfing using experimental evolution in the hermaphroditic snail Physa acuta, a preferential outcrosser. We created lines that were frequently forced to reproduce by selfing. In ca. 20 generations this regime purged an important fraction of the inbreeding depression and snails became less reluctant to self-fertilize (reduced waiting time). Thus, facultative selfing not only provides reproductive assurance, it may also create conditions that favour more selfing, potentially initiating an evolutionary transition ]

    P100

    Ehlers, B. K., David, P., Damgaard, C. F. and Lenormand, T. 2016. Competitor relatedness, indirect soil effects, and plant co-existence. Journal of Ecology 104 :1126-1135

    [An experiment showing that the effects of competition between an within species of two annuals (Medicago) are modified by a perennial shrub, the thyme, through chemicals released in the soil. Competition favours one or the other species depending on whether the soil has been exposed to thyme or not. In addition we observed a tendency for intraspecific competition to have less negative effects when it occurs between closely related individuals rather than unrelated ones, a characteristic that may promote local dominance of a few genotypes of each species  ]

     P99

    Mousset, M., David, P., Petit, C., Pouzadoux, J., Hatt, C., Flaven, E., Ronce, O., Mignot,A. 2016Lower selfing rates in metallicolous populations of the pseudometallophyte Noccaea caerulescens in southern France than in nonmetallicolous populations. Annals of Botany,117 : 507-519

    [We develop a new method to test whether two groups of populations differ in their average selfing rate and use it to show that populations of an annual plant tolerant to heavy metals have lower selfing rates in soil polluted by heavy metals near ancient mines than in the surrounding nonpolluted landscape. ]

    P98

    Marie-Orleach, L., Janicke, T., Vizoso, D. B., David, P., Schärer, L. 2016, Quantifying episodes of sexual selection: Insights from a transparent worm with fluorescent sperm. Evolution, 70: 314–328.

    [Macrostomum is a fantastic hermaphroditic worm, it is transparent and can be made fluorescent through GFP technology. Lucas Marie-Orleach and the team of Lukas Schärer in Basel were thus able to track the fate of individual sperm after copulation, to get a really precise decomposition of various phases of sexual selection, before and after copulation. I helped with the analyses, similar to Pélissié et al 2014; Macrostomum turns out to be another hermaphrodite where lots of the variance in male reproductive success depends on variability in the fate of sperm after copulation]

    P97

    Laroche, F., Jarne, P., Lamy, T., David, P., Massol, F. 2015. A neutral theory for interpreting correlations between species and genetic diversity in communities. The American Naturalist185: 59-69

    [SGDC (species-genetic diversity correlations, correlations between molecular diversity within a species and species diversity in the surrounding community) have been described in many organisms but their interpretation is usually vague. A neutral reference is lacking, to predict what would happen when competition occurs among individuals in a fragmented habitat, but without any biological difference due to species or genotype. We model this situation and show how the joint distribution of site connectivity and site carrying capacity, and the mutation rate, determine the sign and intensity of SGDC.]

    P96

    Janicke, T., David, P., Chapuis, E.,2015 Environment-Dependent Sexual Selection: Bateman’s Parameters under Varying Levels of Food Availability. The American Naturalist 185 : 756-768

    [Sexual selection depends on the environment, and  the availability of resources determines how reproductive and mating success can vary in a population. We show that food restriction decreases the opportunity for sexual selection and makes reproductive success less dependent on mating success in the hermaphroditic snail Physa acuta - thus decreasing the asymmetry between male and female functions with respect to sexual selection. Food restriction seems to dampen phenotypic variation rather than to enhance it, unlike other forms of stress]

    P95

    Graham, S., Chapuis, E., Meconcelli, S., Bonel, N., Sartori, K., Christophe, A., Alda, P., David, P., Janicke, T., 2015 Size-assortative mating in simultaneous hermaphrodites: an experimental test and a metaanalysis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology69(11), 1867-1878.

    [Size-assortative mating occurs when individuals prefer to mate with similar-sized partners- but similarity within mating pairs can result from various reasons that have nothing to do with sexual preference (eg spatial autocorrelation in body size or age). We illustrated this in Physa acuta by finding no preference for similar-sized mates in controlled settings while there was a correlation in size within mating pairs collected in the field. In addition we did a metanalysis showing that evidence for size-assortative mating tends to exist only in reciprocally-copulating hermaphrodites in which mates play symmetrical roles, and therefore may both be choosy]

    P94

    Burgarella, C., Gayral, P., Ballenghien, M., Bernard, A., David, P., Jarne, P., Correa, A., Hurtrez-Boussès, S., Escobar, J., Galtier, N., Glémin, S. 2015 Molecular evolution of freshwater snails with contrasting mating systems. Molecular Biology and Evolution32(9) : 2403-2416.

    [Self-fertilization is thought to impair the response to selection on the long term by decreasing effective recombination. Here we studied molecular polymorphism and divergence in transcriptomes of selfing and outcrossing lineages of hermaphroditic snails. We showed that selfing snails have accumulated more nonsynonymous changes than outcrossing ones, suggesting that they have a hard time getting rid of slightly deleterious mutations,. Compared to plant studies, our snail study has the advantage that selfing is relatively ancient in the studied clade, leaving more time to accumulate changes]

    P93

    Weeks, S.C., Benvenuto, C., Reed, S.K., Duff, R.J., Duan, Z.-H., David, P. 2014 A field test of a model for the stability of androdioecy in the freshwater shrimp, Eulimnadia texana. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 27: 2080-2095

    [Steve Weeks has been studying for a long time these wonderful little creatures that have evolved from dioecy to androdioecy (coexistence of males and hermaphrodites) and maintained this system for millions of years. This is a field study to test models of maintenance of androdioecy, in which the selfing rate is a crucial parameter. In order to infer selfing rates from allozyme data, I designed a modified version of the RMES program to take into account the specificity of this system, as well as the presence of a mix of sex-linked and non sex-linked loci ]

    P92

    Pélissié, B., Jarne, P., Sarda, V., David, P 2014 Disentangling precopulatory and postcopulatory sexual selection in polyandrous species Evolution 68(5) : 1320-1331

    [Sexual selection is a complicated matter : male reproductive success depends on how many copulations and mates they get, and when they inseminate them compared to other male competitors (precopulatory processes) and how efficient each copulation is at getting many eggs fertilized in spite of sperm competition (postcopulatory processes).  Understanding at which stage variance in male fitness is generated requires detailed observation of sexual activity, together with paternity analysis in offspring. Here we develop experimental and statistical methodology to perform this task and apply it to our favorite organism, the snail Physa acuta - showing that, although the number and timing of copulations increases male fitness, approximately 40% of the variance is generated at the postcopulatory stage  ]

    P91

    Lohr, J. N., David, P., Haag, C. R. 2014 Reduced lifespan and increased ageing driven by genetic drift in small populations. Evolution 68: 2494-2508

    [Under the mutation accumulation theory, genetic variance in senescence in natural populations reflects the disproportionate accumulation of deleterious mutations affecting late-expressed traits. We build a theoretical model showing that in a metapopulation this will result in faster senescence in demes with low genetic diversity (i.e. low effective size), and confirm this prediction with a large-scale molecular and common-garden study of Daphnia populations]

    P90

    Janicke, T., Vellnow, N., Lamy, T., Chapuis, E., David, P. 2014 Inbreeding depression of mating behavior and its reproductive consequences in a freshwater snail Behavioral Ecology 25(2): 288-299

    [Following Janicke et al. 2013, we measure how inbreeding affects both male and female mating behaviour in the hermaphrodite Physa acuta. We observe significant, but moderate inbreeding depression on the number of encounters and copulations in both roles; however it seems insufficient to explain the large impacts of inbreeding on male paternity observed in J & al 2013 - suggesting an important role for postcopulatory processes linked to ejaculate size or sperm competition.]

    P89

    Hoffman, J.I., Simpson, F., David, P., Rijks, J. M., Kuiken, T., Thorne, M. A. S., Lacy, R., Dasmahapatra, K. K. 2014 High-throughput sequencing reveals inbreeding depression in a natural population. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 111: 3775-3780

    [ RAD-seq technology now generates thousands of loci, that provide unprecented precision in measures of variance in inbreeding, a key parameter to understand heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFC). I here adapted the g2 method (defined in David et al. 2007 and implemented in RMES) to highly multilocus datasets, using approximations that considerably reduce computation time. We validated this method with a dataset of captive rodents with known pedigrees, and then used it to analyse HFC in wild populations of seals. Now available as R-package, see Stoffel et al. 2016]

    P88

    Bousset, L., Pointier, J.-P., David, P., Jarne, P. 2014 Neither variation loss, nor change in selfing rate is associated with the worldwide invasion of Physa acuta from its native North America Biological Invasions16:1769-1783

    [A population genetic study of microsatellite diversity in Physa acuta, our pet snail, across the world. Physa acuta is an example of an outcrossing species that has invaded the world (from its probable native area in North America) without apparent loss in genetic diversity - contrasting with the case of selfing snail species such as Lymnaea columella]

    P91

    Pointier, J.-P., David, P., Jarne, P. 2011 The Biological Control of the Snail Hosts of Schistosomes: The Role of Competitor Snails and Biological Invasions, Chapter 9, pp 215-238 in Biomphalaria snails and larval trematodes, ed. by Toledo, R. & Fried, B., Springer Verlag, New York

    [An account of how competition by (intentionnally or fortuitously) introduced species can affect populations of Biomphalaria glabrata and other vectors of schistosomes. This contains a detailed historical account of all freshwater snail invasions that occurred in Guadeloupe and Martinique, and their impacts ]

    P90

    Massol, F., Duputié, A., David, P., Jarne P. 2011. Asymmetric patch size distribution leads to disruptive selection on dispersal. Evolution 65(2): 490-500

    [Most models of dispersal evolution predict a single optimum, at odds with the diversity observed in nature, even among species or genotypes inhabiting the same landscape. We show that diversification of dispersal strategies naturally occurs provided patches of favorable habitats have unequal sizes, many of them small and a few large. This condition is fulfilled by many natural landscapes]

    P89

    Luquet, E., Lena, J.-P., David, P., Joly, P., Lengagne, T., Perrin, N., Plenet S. 2011 Consequences of genetic erosion on fitness and phenotypic plasticity in European tree frog populations (Hyla arborea), Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 24(1): 99-110

    [We investigate the consequences of the loss of genetic diversity in small fragmented populations on the expression of an essential trait in juvenile tree frogs (tadpoles) : predator-induced plasticity. Plasticity is fully maintained, but at a higher cost, in genetically depauperate populations compared to large, more diverse ones]

    P88

    Luquet, E., David, P., Léna, J.-P., Joly, P., Konecny, L., Dufresnes, C., Perrin, N., Plénet, S. 2011 Heterozygosity-fitness correlations among wild populations of European tree frog (Hyla arborea) detect fixation load. Molecular Ecology, 20: 1877-1887

    [In this study of heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFC) in frogs, HFC arises from the mixing of populations with different average heterozygosity and larval growth, rather than from differences among individuals within populations. Therefore, covariation in larval traits and heterozygosity is due to fixation load rather than to within-population polymorphism]

    P87 Jarne, P., Pointier, J.-P., David, P. 2011 Biosystematics of Biomphalaria spp. with an emphasis on Biomphalaria glabrata, , Chapter 1, pp 1-32 in Biomphalaria snails and larval trematodes, ed. by Toledo, R. & Fried, B., Springer Verlag, New York [Book chapter synthetizing the current knowledge on phylogeny, phylogeography, and population genetics of Biomphalaria glabrata, the main host of schistosomiasis in South America, and its allied species]
    P86 Escobar, J.-S., Auld, J.R., Correa, A. C., Alonso, J. M., Bony, Y.K., Coutellec, M.-A., Koene, J.M., Pointier, J.-P., Jarne, P., David, P.2011 Patterns of mating-system evolution in hermaphroditic animals: correlations among selfing rate, inbreeding depression and the timing of reproduction. Evolution, 65(5) : 1233-1253 [A big collaborative study to measure selfing rates, waiting times (=reproductive delays when an individual is forced to self-fertilize), and inbreeding depression in a dozen new pulmonate species, and to collect similar published data on other animals. We show that species are either highly outcrossing, with significant waiting time and large inbreeding depression or highly inbred, with no significant waiting time nor inbreeding depression. This generalizes our previous results on Physa acuta (P76, P59, P33, P30) and mirrors previous results obtained in plants, with the difference that mixed-mating systems seem absent]
    P85 Bierne, N., Welch, J., Loire, E., Bonhomme, F., David, P.2011.The coupling hypothesis: why genome scans may fail to map local adaptation genes. Molecular Ecology 20: 2044-2072 PDF Download supporting info[This is more than a cautionary note on genome scans ! Very long but worth the effort, it will change the way you think about molecular approaches to adaptation..Population geneticists often use genome scans, looking for molecular markers with exceptional differenciation between two habitats, to map genes with major effects on adaptation to habitat. We show that genes promoting pre or postmating isolation, irrespective of habitat, naturally become coupled with habitat specialization genes, so that clines in allele frequencies come to coincide with habitat boundaries. The abundance of isolation genes in genomes, and their efficiency at maintaining linkage disequilibrium with nearby neutral markers, make it likely that genome scans actually map them rather than habitat adaptation genes. We provide some simulations and convincing examples from the literature to illustrate this process]
    P84 Szulkin, M., Bierne, N., David, P. 2010 Heterozygosity-fitness correlations : a time for reappraisal. Evolution 64 (5):1202-1217. [With the advent of microsatellites, years after the golden age of allozymes, we are witnessing a new bloom of studies on heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFC). Yet lessons from the past (especially from old theory) have been ignored, and recent HFC studies often reveal misunderstandings that sound all too familiar to old - well, let's say middle-aged- population geneticists like myself. Do you want a theoretical summary as well as a practical guide on HFC ? Do you simply want the truth about HFC ? Read this paper...]
    P83 Jarne P., Pointier J.-P., David P., Koene J. 2010 Basommatophoran Gastropods. pp173-196 in: The evolution of primary sexual characters in animals. Edited by Leonard J.L. and Córdoba-Aguilar A., Oxford University Press, New York [A book chapter with a synthesis on how reproductive organs are organized and evolve in hermaphroditic freshwater snails]
    P82 Ferdy, J.-B., David, P., Rousset, F. 2010 Formalisations mathématiques de l'Evolution Biologique; chap. 1, pp1-32 in Biologie Evolutive, édité par F. Thomas, T. Lefèvre, M. Raymond , De Boeck Université, Paris [A book chapter in french on theoretical approaches in evolutionary biology, summarizing the bases of the three main ways by which trait evolution can be modelled, population genetics, quantitative genetics and game theory, their assumptions and interrelationships]
    P81 David, P., Parmentier, M.-L.2010Evolution et développement. chap. 8, pp267-294 in Biologie Evolutive, edited by F. Thomas, T. Lefèvre, M. Raymond , De Boeck Université, Paris [A synthetic book chapter in french on evolution and development; We develop a more critical view than most other accounts of the subject, highlighting that evo-devo is still at a contemplative stage, accumulating spectacular discoveries, wondering at how worms and humans have inherited common developmental pathways from their remote common ancestor, but not yet close to a unified theory of how organism design evolves]
    P80 Correa, A.C., Escobar, J.S., Durand, P., Renaud, F., David, P., Jarne, P., Pointier, J.-P., Hurtrez-Bousses, S. 2010 Bridging gaps in the molecular phylogeny of the Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), Vectors of Fasciolasis. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:381 PDF [Lymnaeids are a fascinating but complicated family of freshwater snails; here is a detailed account of current knowledge on its phylogenetic history, revealing several big clades originating in different continents, cryptic species, and surprising intercontinental invasions .. all this to confirm that we should forget about many named subgenera which are clearly polyphyletic]
    P79 Anthes, N., David, P., Auld, J.R., Hoffer, J.N.A., Jarne, P., Koene, J.M., Kokko, H., Lorenzi, M.C., Pélissié, B., Sprenger, D., Staikou, A., Schärer, L. 2010, Bateman Gradients in Hermaphrodites : An Extended Approach to Quantify Sexual Selection. American Naturalist176 : 249-263 PDF [Bateman gradients, i.e. linear regressions of fitness on mating activity, are the standard measure of sexual selection in separate-sex species. Hermaphrodites, with their two sexual functions, open the door to exciting new possibilities that may challenge, reinforce, or extend traditional sexual selection theory. This paper synthetizes two years of a highly collective and enjoyable brainstorming effort to provide a theoretical guide and a worked example - a snail, of course- on how we can measure, and what we can learn from, sexual selection gradients in hermaphrodites]
  • Chargé de recherche CNRS (CRCN)

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  • altDirecteur de Recherche CNRS

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    @Th_Lenormand

    My principal area of research is Evolutionary genetics and evolutionary ecology. I have a broad expertise in evolutionary biology, genetics and ecology.

    I have been working on adaptation and mutation, local adaptation, evolution of genetic systems (sex, recombination, sex chromosomes), evolution of gene duplicates, speciation, genetic conflicts, dispersal, biotic interactions (parasites, microbiota), statistics and fitness measures. I have been working with many empirical systems (vertebrates, insects, crustaceans, fungi, plants, helminths, bacteria), in the lab and in the field.

    Currently, my scientific activity rests on three axes: first I do theoretical work (theoretical population genetics, statistics, and bioinformatics development). I am particularly interested currently on the evolution of gene expression (on sex chromosomes or in asexuals). Second, I work on small crustaceans Artemia and Daphnia. I’m particularly interested currently on sex-asex transitions, biotic interactions and adaptation to temperature. Third, I do experimental evolution on E. coli. I'm particularly interested on testing fitness landscape models, adaptation to different doses of antibiotics, and coevolution of species coexisting by frequency dependence.

    Research interests by keywords
    adaptation, local adaptation, migration, speciation, (sex) chromosomes, clines, sex, parthenogenesis, meiosis, recombination, epistasis, dominance, mutations, resistance, duplications, modifiers, mating systems, sexual conflicts, parasites, microbiota.