Chargée de Recherche, HDR
CEFE/CNRS
Campus du CNRS
1919, route de Mende
34293 Montpellier 5
Tél : +33/0 4 67 61 32 11
Stephanie.bedhomme[at]cefe.cnrs.fr
Bref CV
2018 : HDR, Université de Montpellier
2014- : CRCN CNRS, CEFE
2012-13 : Postdoc at Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL, Barcelone, Spain)
2009-12 : Postdoc at the Molecular and Cellular Plant Biology Institute (IBMCP, Valence, Spain)
2007-09 : Teaching and researche assistant, Münster University (Allemagne)
2005-07 : Postdoc at Queen’s University (Kingston, Canada)
2000-04 : PhD in the Genetic and Evolution of Infectious Disease laboratory (IRD, Montpellier)
Current group members
Thèmes de recherches (english version below)
Nous travaillons actuellement sur les règles de circulation des gènes par transfert horizontal. Le transfert horizontal est un mécanisme qui contribue fortement à l'évolution des génomes procaryotes mais tous les gènes ne sont pas dans tous les génomes. Il existe donc des facteurs qui favorisent ou limitent les transferts et les orientent. Les recherches que nous conduisons actuellement visent à étudier le rôle de ces facteurs à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales. Nous nous intéressons en priorité, mais pas en exclusivité, aux transferts de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques : les données et connaissance les concernant sont abondantes, la manipulation des pressions de sélection en laboratoire est aisée et nos résultats ont potentiellement des applications plus ou moins directes pour la gestion du problème de santé publique que représente la propagation des résistances antibiotiques.
Les questions auxquelles nous essayons de répondre actuellement sont :
Les approches utilisées sont la mesure de fitness de collections de mutants et de gènes, l'évolution expérimentale, la génomique bactérienne et la génomique comparative.
Les hypermutateurs sont des génotypes bactériens dont le taux de mutation ponctuel est plus élevé (10 à 1000 fois) que dans le reste de l’espèce. Des modèles théoriques prédisent qu’ils ont un avantage et se propagent dans les populations qui se trouvent loin de leur optimum adaptatif. En effet, dans cette situation, la proportion de mutations avantageuses parmi toutes les mutations générées est plus importante ; les hypermutateurs ont donc un avantage transitoire en augmentant à l’approvisionnement en mutation avantageuse puis ils augmentent en fréquence en raison de la liaison génétique entre le déterminant génétique de l’hypermutation et la mutation avantageuse générée. Les conditions de propagation des hypermutateurs ont été étudiées par des approches théoriques et par des approches expérimentales qui mettent en compétition un hypermutateur avec son ancêtre mais il existe très peu d’approches expérimentales où l’apparition et la propagation d’hypermutateurs a été suivie dans plusieurs conditions environnementales. Nous avons mis en place un dispositif d’évolution expérimentale qui permet de faire cela pour les conditions environnementales suivantes : doses subinhibitrices de gentamicine et forte salinité.
Dans le cadre de cette approche, nous posons les questions suivantes :
Les plastiques, en usage ou après usage, se dégradent et libèrent dans leur environnement immédiat des nano- et microparticules. Ces particules sont transportées à longue distance par l’eau ou l’air, peuvent pénétrer dans tous les organismes vivants et représentent un danger direct pour la santé humaine, animale et végétale. Ces particules peuvent également se convertir en support pour la formation de biofilm qui peuvent contenir des espèces bactériennes pathogènes pour certaines espèces animales et/ou pour les humains. Nous nous intéressons au rôle potentiel des micro-plastiques comme vecteur de pathogènes en utilisant Vibrio anguillarum comme modèle bactérien et des microparticules de polystyrène, polypropylène et polyéthylène téréphtalate.
Dans ce contexte scientifique, nous posons les questions suivantes :
Mots clés:
transfert horizontal de gène, résistance aux antibiotiques, effet en fitness de la variation synonyme, usage des codons, évolution expérimentale, génomique bactérienne, biofilms, pollution microplastique.
Research topics
We are currently working on the horizontal transfer traffic rules. Horizontal transfer is a mechanism that strongly contributes to the evolution of prokaryotic genomes but all genes are not found in all genomes. There are therefore factors that promote or limit transfers and direct them. Our current research aims to study the role of these factors at different temporal and spatial scales. We are primarily, but not exclusively, interested in the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes: data and knowledge about them are abundant, the manipulation of selection pressures in the laboratory is easy, and our results have potentially more or less direct applications for the management of the public health problem represented by the spread of antibiotic resistance.
The questions we are currently trying to answer are:
- What are the factors (ecology, selection pressure, geography...) that determine the prevalences of resistance genes on a global scale?
The approaches used are fitness measurement of mutant and gene collections, experimental evolution, bacterial genomics and comparative genomics.
Hypermutators are bacterial genotypes with a higher point mutation rate (10 to 1000 times) than the rest of the species. Theoretical models predict that they have an advantage and spread in populations that are far from their adaptive optimum. This is because in this situation, the proportion of advantageous mutations among all generated mutations is greater; thus, hypermutators have a transient advantage by increasing in supply of advantageous mutation and then increase in frequency due to the genetic linkage between the genetic determinant of the hypermutation and the generated advantageous mutation. The conditions of hypermutator propagation have been studied by theoretical approaches and by experimental approaches that put a hypermutator in competition with its ancestor but there are very few experimental approaches where the appearance and propagation of hypermutators has been followed under several environmental conditions. We have set up an experimental evolutionary setup that does this for the following environmental conditions: subinhibitory doses of gentamicin and high salinity.
In this approach, we ask the following questions:
Plastics, in use or after use, degrade and release nano- and micro-particles into their immediate environment. These particles are transported over long distances by water or air, can penetrate all living organisms and represent a direct danger for human, animal and plant health. These particles can also become a surface where biofilm forms which may contain bacterial species pathogenic to certain animal species and/or humans. We are interested in the potential role of micro-plastics as pathogen vectors using Vibrio anguillarum as a bacterial model and polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate microparticles.
In this scientific context, we ask the following questions:
Key words:
Horizontal gene transfer, antibiotic resistance, fitness effect of synonymous variation, codon usage, experimental evolution, bacterial genomics, biofilms, microplastic pollution.
Publications
Book chapter:
Chargé de Recherche CNRS
CEFE (CNRS-UMR 5175)
Campus du CNRS
1919, Route de Mende
34293 Montpellier Cedex 05
Tél : +33 (0) 4 67 61 32 17
Fax : +33 (0) 4 67 61 33 36
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Twitter: @TimJanicke
I am an evolutionary biologist with main interest in sexual selection. Most of my work focuses on the evolutionary causes and consequences of sex-specific selection. To adress my questions, I am primarily using lab experiments, meta-analyses and genomics. Model organisms include birds, flatworms, molluscs, fruit flies, and flour beetles.
(for more information see my profiles on ResearchGate and GoogleScholar)
Academic history
since 2018 CNRS Researcher (Chargé de recherche): Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Montpellier, France.
2017 – 2018 PostDoc: Evolution, Behaviour and Environment Group School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, UK. 'Evolutionary genomics of sexual antagonism' with Dr. Ted Morrow.
2014 – 2016 PostDoc: Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Montpellier, France. 'Evolution of self-fertilization in hermaphrodites: an animal perspective' hosted by Dr. Patrice David & Dr. Philippe Jarne
2011 – 2014 SNSF PostDoc Fellow: Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Montpellier, France. 'Quantitative genetics of male and female reproduction in a simultanoeus hermaphrodite' hosted by Dr. Patrice David
2010 – 2011 PostDoc: Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland. 'Quantitative test of sex allocation theory in a siumultaneous hermaphrodite' hosted by Dr. Lukas Schärer
2007 – 2010 PhD: Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland. ’Sex allocation and sexual selection in a simultaneous hermaphrodite’ supervised by Dr. Lukas Schärer
2001 – 2006 Diploma (equivalent to MSc): Institute of Ecology, University of Jena, Germany. ’Communication in Brown Skuas Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi: Functions of multimodal signalling’ supervised by Dr. Hans-Ulrich Peter
1999 – 2001 Basic studies in Biology: University of Greifswald, Germany.
Publications
(for PDF copies please click here)
Fromonteil, S, Marie-Orleach L, Winkler, L & Janicke, T (2023). Sexual selection in females and the evolution of polyandry. PLoS Biology 21:e3001916.
Winkler, L & Janicke, T (2022). Diet quality impairs male and female reproductive performance and affects the opportunity for selection in an insect model. Ecology and Evolution 12:e9533.
Moiron, M, Martin, OY, Winkler L, & Janicke, T (2022). Sexual selection moderates heat stress response in males and females. Functional Ecology 36:3096-3106.
Janicke, T, Chapuis, E, Meconcelli, S, Bonel, N, Delahaie, B & David, P (2022). Environmental effects on the genetic architecture of fitness components in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. J. Anim. Ecol., 91, 124-137.
Harper, JA, Janicke, T & Morrow, EH (2021). Systematic review reveals multiple sexually antagonistic polymorphisms affecting human disease and complex traits. Evolution, 75, 3087-3097.
Winkler, L, Moiron, M, Morrow, EH & Janicke, T (2021). Stronger net selection on males across animals. eLife, 10, e68316.
Janicke, T & Fromonteil, S (2021). Sexual selection and sexual size dimorphism in animals. Biol. Lett., 17, 20210251.
Tonnabel, J, David, P, Janicke, T, Lehner, A, Mollet, JC, Pannell, JR & Dufay, M (2021). The scope for postmating sexual selection in plants. Trends Ecol. Evol., 36, 556-567.
Janicke, T, Marie-Orleach, L, Aubier, TG, Perrier, C & Morrow, EH (2019). Assortative mating in animals and its role for speciation. Am. Nat., 194, 865-875.
Janicke, T & Morrow, EH (2019). Sexual selection. Evolution, Medicine and Public Health, 2019, 36.
Bonel N, Noël E, Janicke T, Sartori K, Chapuis E, Ségard A, Meconcelli S, Pélissié B, Sarda V, David, P (2018). Asymmetric evolutionary responses to sex‐specific selection in a hermaphrodite. Evolution 72: 2181-2201.
Janicke T, Ritchie MG, Morrow EH, and Marie-Orleach L (2018) Sexual selection predicts species richness across the animal kingdom. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285:20180173.
Janicke T, Morrow, EH (2018) Operational sex ratio predicts the opportunity and direction of sexual selection across animals. Ecology Letters 21: 384-391.
Garefalaki ME, Kalyva S, Janicke T, Staikou A (2017). Intraspecific variation in reproductive characters is associated with the strength of sexual selection in the hermaphroditic land snail Cornu aspersum. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 71: 150.
Anthes N, Häderer IK, Michiels NK, Janicke T (2017) Measuring and interpreting sexual selection metrics - evaluation and guidelines. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 8: 918–931.
Janicke T, Sandner P, Ramm SA, Vizoso DB, Schärer L (2016) Experimentally evolved and phenotypically plastic responses to enforced monogamy in a hermaphroditic flatworm. J Evol Biol 29: 1713-1727.
Janicke T, Häderer IK, Lajeunesse MJ, Anthes N (2016) A plea for understanding diversity in sexual selection. Science Advances (E-Letter, 15.04.).
Noël E, Chemtob Y, Janicke T, Sarda V, Pélissié B, Jarne P, and David P (2016) Reduced mate availability leads to evolution of self-fertilization and purging of inbreeding depression in a hermaphrodite. Evolution 70: 625-640.
Marie-Orleach L, Janicke T, Vizoso DB, David P, Schärer L (2016) Quantifying episodes of sexual selection: Insights from a transparent worm with fluorescent sperm. Evolution 70: 314-328.
Janicke T, Häderer IK, Lajeunesse MJ, Anthes N (2016) Darwinian sex roles confirmed across the animal kingdom. Science Advances 2: e1500983.
Janicke T, Chapuis E (2016) Condition-dependence of male and female reproductive success: insights from a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Ecology and Evolution 6: 830-841.
Graham S, Chapuis E, Meconcelli S, Bonel N, Alda P, Sartori S, Christophe A, David P, Janicke T (2015) Size-assortative mating in simultaneous hermaphrodites: an experimental test and a meta-analysis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 69: 1867-1878.
Janicke T, David P, Chapuis E, (2015) Environment-dependent sexual selection: Bateman's parameters under varying levels of food availability. Am Nat 185: 756-768.
Schärer L, Janicke T, Ramm, SA (2015). Sexual conflict in hermaphrodites. In Rice WR & Gavrilets S (eds). The Genetics and Biology of Sexual Conflict. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Press.
Marie-Orleach L, Janicke T, Vizoso DB, Eichmann M, Schärer L (2014) Fluorescent sperm in a transparent worm: validation of a GFP marker to study sexual selection. BMC Evol Biol 14: 148.
Janicke T, Vellnow N, Lamy T, Chapuis E, David P (2014) Inbreeding depression of mating behavior and its reproductive consequences in a freshwater snail. Behav Ecol 25: 288-299.
Janicke T, Marie-Orleach L, De Mulder K, Berezikov E, Ladurner P, Vizoso DB, Schärer L (2013) Sex allocation adjustment to mating group size in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Evolution 67: 3233–3242.
Janicke T, Vellnow N, Sarda V, David P (2013) Sex-specific inbreeding depression depends on the strength of male-male competition. Evolution 67: 2861-2875.
Roulin A, Routtu J, Hall MD, Janicke T, Colson I, Haag CR, Ebert, D (2013). Local adaptation of sex-induction in a facultative sexual crustacean: insights from QTL mapping and natural populations of Daphnia magna. Mol Ecol 22: 3567-3579.
Marie-Orleach L, Janicke T, Schärer L (2013) Effects of mating status on copulatory and post-copulatory behaviour in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Anim Behav 85: 453-461.
Janicke T, Kesselring H, Schärer L (2012) Strategic mating effort in a simultaneous hermaphrodite: the role of the partner's feeding status. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 66: 593-601.
Janicke T, Sandner P, Schärer L (2011) Determinants of female fecundity in a simultaneous hermaphrodite: the role of polyandry and food availability. Evol Ecol 25: 203-218.
Janicke T, Schärer L (2010) Sperm competition affects sex allocation but not sperm morphology in a flatworm. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 64: 1367-1375.
Janicke T, Schärer L (2009) Sex allocation predicts mating rate in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Proc R Soc B-Biol Sci 276:4247-4253.
Schärer L, Janicke T (2009) Sex allocation and sexual conflict in simultaneously hermaphroditic animals. Biol Lett 5:705-708.
Janicke T, Schärer L (2009) Determinants of mating and sperm-transfer success in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. J Evol Biol 22:405-415.
Janicke T, Hahn S (2008) On the performance of brown skua, Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi, vocalizations: reply. Anim Behav 76: E3-E5.
Janicke T, Hahn S, Ritz MS & Peter H-U (2008) Vocal performance reflects individual quality in a non-passerine. Anim Behav 75: 91-98.
Janicke T, Ritz MS, Hahn S, Peter, H-U (2007) Sex recognition in Brown Skuas: Do acoustic signals matter? J Ornithol 148: 565-569.
Hahn S, Reinhardt K, Ritz MS, Janicke T, Montalti D, Peter H-U (2007) Oceanographic and climatic factors differentially affect reproduction performance of Antarctic skuas. Mar Ecol-Prog Ser 334: 287-297.
Janicke T, Chakarov N (2007) Effect of weather conditions on the communal roosting behaviour of common ravens Corvus corax with unlimited food resources. J Ethol 25: 71-78.
Ritz MS, Hahn S, Janicke T & Peter H-U (2006) Hybridisation between South Polar Skua (Catharacta maccormicki) and Brown Skua (C. antarctica lonnbergi) in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Polar Biol 29: 153-159.