UMR CEFE - Département Biologie des Populations

Equipe  Génétique et Dynamique des Populations

Équipes du département

Biométrie et Biologie des Populations

Écologie Comportementale

Écologie Spatiale
des Populations

Génétique et Dynamique des Populations

Génétique des Populations Végétales

Interactions Biotiques

Interactions Bioculturelles

Substances Naturelles et Médiation Chimique

 

 

 

 

  Patrice DAVID                                   en français

 

Directeur de recherche au CNRS
Institute :
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
U.M.R. 5175 Montpellier FRANCE
Leader of the team:
Génétique et Dynamique des populations

Email : patrice.david@cefe.cnrs.fr
Tél : +33/0 4 67 61 32 28
Fax : +33/0 4 67 41 21 38

Keywords
Organisme biologique : Invertébré- Milieu : Eaux continentales - Discipline : Génétique, Ecologie, Evolution - Technique : Biologie moléculaire, Génétique quantitative

 

Research

Publications Collaborations PhD Supervision Teaching

     I am an evolutionary biologist. I have been working in the CEFE, leading the GENDYN team, since 2000. My first interest is in the evolution of reproductive strategies, inbreeding and mating systems in animals. This includes sexual selection, cross-fertilization and reproductive isolation, all of which evolve as strategies to increase offspring fitness in different contexts. More recently I have extended my research to understand how trait evolution, especially life-history evolution, affects community diversity and structure, focusing on biological invasions and on species coexistence in spatially structured communities.

    I use mainly three techniques : quantitative genetics, long-term fieldwork programs and molecular population genetics. A little bit of statistical modelling also helps, sometimes. My favourite biological models are freshwater snails, fascinating little creatures with lots of diversity in mating systems. However I have also worked with bivalves, Tephritid flies, amphibians and stalk-eyed flies (yes, there’s a world out there, not only birds and Drosophila). We perform large-scale quantitative-genetic experiments in our aquatic-snail-raising facility; we also regularly monitor field populations of invasive and resident molluscs in the aquatic community of Lesser Antilles (Martinique and Guadeloupe, in the French west Indies).

Read below for more details on each research axis...

 

 

   

Axis 1 Evolution of reproductive strategies, inbreeding and mating systems

            

Axis 2 : Life-history evolution, biological invasions and communities

Axis 1 : Evolution of reproductive strategies, inbreeding and mating systems

 

Questions

    Every individual is the product of reproduction. Reproduction events are organized in reproductive networks or pedigrees, the structure of which is often not random. For example, reproductive networks may be partially split into unconnected parts (reproductive isolation), offspring number may vary a lot among different individuals (variance in reproductive success), and matings may occur between relatives (inbreeding). My research focuses on how pedigree structure affects the distribution of fitness among individuals in a population, and how it interacts with the evolution of reproductive strategies. Reproductive strategies are traits that give individuals opportunities to modify the shape of the pedigree in a way that increases the fitness of their offspring : avoidance of interspecific matings, inbreeding avoidance, or mate choice.

Spisula ovalis, a species in which I detected heterozygosity-fitness correlations generated by inbreeding, contradicting the common belief that populations of marine invertebrate with long-dispersing planktonic larave are panmictic.

A few salient past results :

 

      - A series of models showing how inbreeding sensu lato (generated by self-fertilization, mating between relatives, population bottlenecks or population structure) creates positive correlations between molecular heterozygosity (microsatellites, allozymes) and fitness traits. This includes statistical methods for the analysis and interpret of such correlations, together with a large-scale case study on the bivalve Spisula ovalis.

       - A series of quantitative-genetic studies showing how environmental variation influences the evolution of mating systems, and that it is all a matter of reaction norm. This includes interaction between environmental stress and genetic quality to determine male ornament development in stalk-eyed flies, the temperature-dependent loss of the male copulatory organ in the hermaphroditic snail Bulinus truncatus, and how Physa acuta delays its reproduction (rather than self-fertilizing) in case of shortage of mates.

      - a multilocus method to estimate selfing rates from population genetic data, without using Fis, and therefore without biases due to null alleles or misscoring. This method is available as a freeware.

 

Ongoing projects :

 

Most of the ongoing projects are on Physa acuta including the study of sex allocation, mating behavior, and sexual selection in this species. I am also studying the interaction between reproductive strategies and other life-history traits, especially senescence, as well as the evolution of mating systems at the larger scale of pulmonate gastropods.

 

   

The extended eyestalks of this male stalk-eyed fly (Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni) are an example of male trait used by females to chose males that will transmit good genes to their offspring. Highly stressful environments enhance contrasts in eyestalk size among males.

 

Biological models :

 

I have studied the fitness consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding, from inbreeding depression to hybrid breakdown, in various organisms such as bivalve molluscs (clams Spisula ovalis and marine mussels Mytilus spp.), amphibians (Pelodytes punctatus) and the freshwater snail Physa acuta. I studied the evolution of reproductive isolation in Mytilus, sexual selection and male ornaments in stalk-eyed flies (Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni), and self-fertilization versus cross-fertilization strategies in freshwater snails (Bulinus truncatus, Physa acuta and others). Currently most of my research is centered on the evolution of sex allocation and mating systems in Physa acuta.

 

Bulinus truncatus, individual with exerted phallus. In this species phallus development is suppressed.in some individuals. The probability of phallus loss increases with temperature according to a genotype-specific reaction norm

RMES, for Robust Multilocus Estimates of Selfing, freeware for Windows to estimate unbiased selfing rates from population genetic data. Click on the icon to upload the last version + help file.

Axis 2 : Life-history evolution, biological invasions and coexistence in communities

Questions

        Understanding how biological communities are assembled and change in time is an old question in ecology; most concepts and models in this domain assume that species are fixed entities, i.e. that ecological events are instantaneous in evolutionary time. However at least two evolutionary processes can contribute to community construction : speciation and trait evolution, which modifies interspecific interactions (e.g. character displacement). Biological invasions are one of the processes that alter communities; I am interested in (i) how trait evolution occurs during and after invasion and (ii) whether invasion is dependent on particular species traits. I have been also interested in models on the evolutionary stability of communities. A community is evolutionarily stable when species traits are not under directional selection. Among ecologically stable communities, only a few are evolutionarily stable . We address this question using trade-off based models (competition-colonization trade-off).

 

The Saint-Félix pond in Guadeloupe is one of the 200 sites we survey yearly for freshwater molluscan communities.

Four species of fruit flies (Tephritidae), one endemic (top left) and three successive invaders in the island of La Réunion (indian Ocean). Competition ability increases in successive invaders.

Biological models :

 

    I have studied two main model systems : Tephritid flies (a series of three invasive species, plus one endemic, in the island of La Réunion), and Thiarid snails, especially trumpet snails Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera. M. tuberculata at the center of a long-term program to survey real-time evolution of life-history traits in invasive populations in Martinique. I also study the dynamics of meta-communities of freshwater molluscs, including both native and invasive species, in a system of rivers and ponds in Guadeloupe.

 

A few salient past results :

 

    - Using molecular phylogeography, fieldwork, and quantitative genetics we have analysed diversity in life-history strategies in introduced populations of Melanoides tuberculata. This dataset now constitutes the most spectacular example of how invasive populations accumulate genetic diversity for ecologically important traits by means of repeated introductions. This diversity is further increased by the production of novel phenotypes through crosses between independently introduced strains.

 

    - Spatial models of invasion are usually based on diffusion equations in continuous landscapes. Yet many invasions occur in fragmented habitats (eg inland waters). We have written a metapopulation model of invasion and used it to estimate colonization parameters for a recent invader in Martinique : the thiarid snail Tarebia granifera. This model was used to “replay” invasions by simulations, changing different characteristics (density and size of favourable sites, initial introduction point etc) to understand how invasion is dependent on landscape characteristics and stochasticity.

 

    - The quest for a trait syndrome typical of successful invaders has a long history. We proposed and validated the hypothesis that invasion success depends on the trait values of a species relative to related resident competitors. Using cage experiments we showed that in a series of successive invasions of the island of La Réunion by Tephritid fles, recent invaders are competitively dominant on previously established species. Contrary to common belief, the best invaders have relatively low intrinsic rates of increase (r).

 

 

 

 

 

 

Melanoides tuberculata, a collection of shells showing the striking morphological diversity of invasive strains in this species. These strains also differ in important life-history traits such as fecundity and offspring size. [cover of a 2008 issue of Current Biol.]

 

 

 

Ongoing projects :

 

       I am currently still working on the evolution of life-history traits in Melanoides tuberculata during and after invasion using quantitative genetics, molecular data, and field surveys. I am also working on statistical analysis of community data to understand species coexistence in the Guadeloupe freshwater meta-community, and especially the effects of the diversity in mating system and life-history traits on coexistence.

Collaborations

Most of my research projects are shared with Philippe Jarne. We have been functioning as a symbiotic team and co-supervised students for more than ten years (and there is still no evidence that the symbiosis is turning into parasitism). We collaborate on a regular basis with Jean-Pierre Pointier, a wonderful snail expert working in the EPHE in Perpignan.

Other collaborators in Montpellier : Anne Charmantier ( evolution of senescence), Pierre-André Crochet (metapopulation biology in amphibians), Doyle McKey (microevolution and inbreeding in traditional agroecosystems), Nicolas Mouquet (Evolutionary biology of species communities) ;

Outside Montpellier : Serge Quilici (CIRAD- La Réunion; invasion biology of insects), Hélène Delatte (CIRAD- La Réunion; population genetics of invasive species), Pierre Joly (UCBL, Lyon; sexual selection and population structure), Joris Koene (VU, Amsterdam; Snail reproductive systems), Jon Slate (Univ Sheffield, UK; Heterozygosity-fitness correlations), Marta Szulkin (Univ. Oxford, UK; Heterozygosity-fitness correations)

 

PhD supervision

I am supervising the Phds of

 

Hélène JOURDAN (2007-) (theme : metapopulation biology in amphibians)

 

Benjamin PELISSIE (2007-) (theme: sex allocaton and sexual selecion in snails)

 

Thomas LAMY (2008-) (theme: community biology and population genetics of freshwater snails)

 

I have supervised the Phds of :

 

Nicolas BIERNE (1998-2001) (now : CNRS research position at ISEM, Montpellier) (theme : reproductive isolation and speciation in marine mussels)

 

Anne TSITRONE (1998-2001) (now : INRA research position at SGAP Mauguio) (theme : consequences of inbreeding on heterozygosity-fitness correlations and life-history evolution)

 

Marie-France OSTROWSKI (1999-2002) (now : INRA postdoc at SGAP Mauguio) (theme : evolution of sexual polymorphisms in snails)

 

Benoît FACON (2000-2003) (now : INRA research position at CBGP, Baillarguet) (theme: invasion biology and life-history variation in snails)

 

Pierre-François DUYCK (2002-2005) (now : CIRAD research position in Martinique) (theme : invasion biology and life-history variation in fruit flies)

 

Juan ESCOBAR (2005-2008) (now : postdoc at ISEM Montpellier) (theme : genetic architecture, mating systems and senescence in hermaphroditic snails)

 

Teaching
   I regularly teach evolutionary biology courses (ca 20 to 80 h /year) to master and PhD students (sexual selection, quantitative genetics, evo-devo) as well as to students preparing the Agrégation SVT (teachers degree).

 

Publications 2008-2009

P76) Escobar, J.S., Correa, A.-C., David, P., 2009. Did life-history evolve in response to parasites in invasive populations of Melanoides tuberculata ? Acta Oecologica, 35: 639-644 PDF [ a study showing the lack of evolutionary response to enemy-release (the lack of a parasitic trematode) in invasive populations of snails]

P75) Nicot, A., David, P., Jarne, P. 2009 Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the hermaphroditic freshwater snails Drepanotrema surinamense and Drepanotrema depressissimum. Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(3): 897-902 PDF

P74) Jourdan-Pineau, H., Nicot, A., Dupuy, V., David, P., Crochet, P.-A. 2009 Development of eight microsatellite markers in the Parsley frog (Pelodytes punctatus), Molecular Ecology Resources, 9: 261-263 PDF

P73) Duputié, A., Massol, F., David, P., Haxaire, C., McKey, D. 2009. Traditional amerindian cultivators combine directional and ideotypic selection for sustainable management of cassava genetic diversity. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 22: 1317-1325 PDF [How cassava cultivators in French Guiana can preserve both the diversity and the heterozygosity of their pool of landraces]

P72) David, P. , Heeb, P. in press. Parasites and Sexual Selection. pp. 31-47 in  Ecology and Evolution of Parasitism, edited by F. Thomas, J.-F. Guégan et F. Renaud, Oxford University Press PDF

P71) Dupuy, V., Nicot, A., Jarne, P., David, P. 2009 Development of ten microsatellite loci in the pulmonate snail Biomphalaria kuhniana (Mollusca, Gastropoda) Molecular Ecology Resources, 9:  255-257 PDF

 

P65) Delatte, H., Duyck, P.-F., Triboire, A., David, P., Becker, N., Bonato, O., Reynaud, B. 2008 Differential invasion success among biotypes: case of Bemisia tabaci. Biological Invasions, 11: 1059-1070 PDF

[A study suggesting that differences in life-history traits may explain the invasive success of different whitefly biotypes, cf. P48]

 

P70) Escobar, J.S., Nicot, A., David, P. 2008 The different sources of variation in inbreeding depression, heterosis and outbreeding depression in a metapopulation of Physa acuta. Genetics, 180: 1593-1608  PDF

[The first study reporting the simultaneous occurrence of heterosis and outbreeding depression, on different fitness traits, in pairwise crosses between demes in a metapopulation. This reveals the simultaneous action of genetic incompatibilities and recessive load. We also observe stronger heterosis in small, isolated demes than in large, open demes]

 

P69) Escobar, J., Jarne, P., Charmantier, A., David, P. 2008 Outbreeding alleviates senescence in hermaphroditic snails as expected from the mutation accumulation theory. Current Biology 18: 906-910  PDF

[The mutation accumulation theory predicts that inbreeding depression and genetic variance in survival should increase with age. Our experiment, ten years after the first test in Drosophila strains, provides the second quantitative-genetic validation of this theory using freshly captured snail populations; we also derive, and validate, the new prediction that heterosis in crosses between natural populations should increase with age.]

 

P68) Faure, M., David, P., Bonhomme, F., Bierne, N. 2008 Genetic hitchiking in a subdivided population of Mytilus edulis. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8:164  PDF

[Abnormally high Fst's are usually interpreted as evidence for divergent selection at a linked locus. We show that in a population subdivided by physical or reproductive barriers to gene flow, high Fst at a neutral locus can result from directional, not divergent, selection at a linked locus. We provide an example of this scenario using nuclear sequences in Mytilus edulis]

 

P67) Nicot, A., Dubois, M.-P., David, P., Jarne, P. 2008 Characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci in the pulmonate snail Pseudosuccinea columella (Mollusca, Gastropoda) Molecular Ecology Resources, 8: 1281-1284 PDF

 

P66) Dubois, M.-P., Nicot, A., Jarne, P., David, P. 2008 Characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the freshwater snail Aplexa marmorata (Mollusca, Gastropoda) Molecular Ecology Resources, 8: 1062-1064 PDF

 

P64) Jarne, P., David, P. 2008. Quantifying inbreeding in natural populations of hermaphroditic organisms. Heredity, 100 : 431-439 PDF

[a review of methods to estimate selfing rates using genetic markers; discussing progeny arrays, Fis, and multilocus population-genetic methods]

 

P63) Duyck, P.-F., David, P., Pavoine, S., Quilici, S. 2008 Can host-range allow niche differentiation of invasive polyphagous fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in La Réunion? Ecological Entomology 33 (4): 439-452 PDF

[A study of specialization of invasive fruitfly species to different fruit resources in La Réunion; Resident species seem to persist in the face of invasion by more competitive related taxa, by retreating into particular trophic niches; this extends the study on climatic niches of the same set of species P50]

 

P62) Facon, B., Pointier, J.-P., Jarne, P., Sarda, V., David, P. 2008 High genetic variance in life-history strategies within invasive populations by way of multiple introductions. Current Biology 18: 363-367 PDF

[A molecular, quantitative-genetic and field study showing that a spectacular diversity in life-history traits has been accumulated in invasive populations of Melanoides tuberculata snails in Martinique by way of multiple introductions and later recombination between introduced strains]

 

Publications 2007 and before

 

2007

 

P61) David, P. , Heeb, P. 2007. Parasites et Sélection Sexuelle. pp. 57-92 in Ecologie et Evolution des Systèmes Parasités, edited by F. Thomas, J.-F. Guégan and F. Renaud, De Boeck Université, Paris PDF

[a book chapter in french with a synthesis of the role of parasites in sexual selection - to be published in english by Oxford University Press]

 

P60) Massol, F., David, P., Gerdeaux, D., Jarne, P. 2007 The influence of trophic status and large-scale climatic change on the structure of fish communities in Perialpine lakes. Journal of Animal Ecology 76 : 538-551 PDF

[A statistical analysis of time series of community species composition.]

 

P59) Gay, L., Neubauer, G., Zagalska-Meubauer, M., Debain, C., Pons, J.-M., David, P., Crochet, P.-A. 2007 Molecular and morphological patterns of introgression between two large white-headed gull species in a zone of recent secondary contact. Molecular Ecology, 16 (15) : 3215-3227 PDF

 

P58) Escobar, J.S., Epinat, G., Sarda, V., David, P. 2007 No correlation between inbreeding depression and delayed selfing in the freshwater snail Physa acuta. Evolution 61(11): 2655-2670 PDF

[The first study trying to correlate a mating system trait – the waiting time in Physa acuta, cf P30, P33, to inbreeding depression among families within an animal population. We find abundant genetic variation in both traits but no correlation.]

 

P57) Duputié, A., David, P., Debain, C., McKey, D. 2007 : Natural hybridization between a clonally propagated crop, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and a wild relative in French Guiana. Molecular Ecology 16 : 3025-3038 PDF

[A microsatellite study demonstrating hybridization between cultivated and wild cassava in tropical south America.]

 

P56) Dupont, L., Viard, F., David, P., Bishop, D.D. 2007 : Combined effects of bottlenecks and selfing in populations of Corella eumyota, a recently introduced sea squirt in the English Channel. Diversity and Distributions 13 : 808-817 PDF

[An example of population genetic study using the method described in P55, to document high selfing rates in introduced populations of marine invertebrates.]

 

P55) David, P., Pujol, B., Viard, F., Castella, V., Goudet, V. 2007 Reliable selfing rate estimates from imperfect population genetic data. Molecular Ecology 16: 2474-2487 PDF Download RMES

 [A new method to estimate selfing rates without parent-offspring analysis. This method does not share the many biases of the Fis. This will give you precise estimates, confidence intervals and statistical tests of whether selfing rates differ from zero, differ among populations etc. using a proper likelihood framework. Freeware for windows available on ftp and in this site.]

 

P54) Duyck, P.-F., David, P., Quilici, S. 2007 : Can more K-selected species be better invaders ? A case study of fruit flies in La Réunion. Diversity and Distributions.13 (5): 535-543. PDF

[A laboratory study of successive invasive species of Tephritid flies in La Reunion. We show that recent invaders invest more into K-traits such as offspring size and have lower fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase –r- than previously established invaders, in line with the competitive hierarchy observed in P49]

 

P53) Bierne, N., Tanguy, A., Faure, M., Faure, B., David, E., Boutet, I., Boon, E., Quere, N., Kemppainen, P., Bonhomme, F., Jollivet, D., Moraga, D., Boudry, P., Lapègue, S., David, P. 2007. Mark-recapture cloning: a straightforward and cost-effective cloning method for population genetics of single copy nuclear DNA sequences in diploids. Molecular Ecology Notes 7 : 562-566 PDF

[The description of a very useful technique in population-genetic sequencing. Unfortunately, classical cloning protocols are efficient to obtain clones of plenty of genes in a single individual, but not of the same gene in plenty of individuals –as we often need in population genetics. We describe a very simple and cost-effective method to meet this demand.]

 

2006

 

P52) Facon, B., David P. 2006 Metapopulation Dynamics and Biological Invasions: A Spatially Explicit Model Applied to a Freshwater Snail. American Naturalist 168 : 769-783 PDF

[A spatially explicit metapopulation model to analyse spatial patterns of invasions in fragmented or patchy landscapes, with an application to an exceptionally detailed 13-yr dataset on Tarebia granifera (Thiaridae) in Martinique. The first example we know of, of a quantification of invasion processes accounting for its intrinsic stochasticity, and allowing to replay invasion by simulations to examine the effects of different factors]

 

P51) Facon, B., Genton, B.J., Shykoff, J., Jarne, P., Estoup, A., David, P. 2006 : A general eco-evolutionary framework for understanding bioinvasions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21 : 130-135 PDF

[A review and assessment of how evolution interacts with the invasion process; with the definition and examples of different theoretical types of invasion depending on whether migration, adaptation or mutational variation is the limiting factor]

 

P50) Duyck, P.-F., David, P., Quilici, S. 2006. Climatic niche partitioning following successive invasions by fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in La Réunion. Journal of Animal Ecology, 75 : 518-252 PDF

[A field and laboratory study of specialization of invasive species to different climatic niches in La reunion; suggesting that less competitive resident species can persist in the face of invasion by a more competitive species, by retreating into parts of the island with special climatic conditions]

 

P49) Duyck, P.-F., David, P., Junod, G., Brunel, C., Dupont, R., Quilici, S. 2006 Importance of competition mechanisms in successive invasions by polyphagous tephritids in La Réunion Island. Ecology, 87 : 1770-1780 PDF

[A series of cage experiments showing that invaders are competitively dominant over residents at all life-history stages in a series of three successively introduced tephritid species and one endemic]

 

P48) Delatte, H., David, P., Granier, M., Lett, J.-M., Goldbach, R., Peterschmitt, M., Reynaud, B. 2006 Microsatellites reveal the coexistence and genetic relationships between invasive and indigenous whitefly biotypes in an insular environment. Genetical Research, 87 : 109-124 PDF

[A microsatellite study revealing the recent invasion of a new biotype of whiteflies in La Réunion, progressively replacing and hybridizing with the indigenous biotype, and bringing new plant diseases. A fascinating case of cryptic invasion – i.e. invasion that cannot be detected because invaders are morphologically identical to resident species]

 

P47) Calcagno, V., Mouquet, N., Jarne, P., David, P. 2006 Rejoinder to Calcagno et al. (2006) : which immigration policy for optimal coexistence ? Ecology Letters 9 : 909-911 PDF

[A follow-up comment on P46]

 

P46) Calcagno, V., Mouquet, N., Jarne, P., David, P. 2006 Coexistence in a metacommunity : the competition-colonization trade-off is not dead Ecology Letters 9 : 897-907 PDF

[A theoretical reassessment of the classical model of species coexistence based on competition-colonisation trade-offs. We show that diversity can be maintained in this model even in the presence of pre-emption effects and stochastic- lottery- competition, and provide a quantitative way to represent these processes in the model on a continuous scale]

 

P45) Bierne N., Bonhomme F., Boudry P., Szulkin, M. & David P. 2006 Fitness landscapes support the dominance theory of post-zygotic isolation in the mussels Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 273 : 1253-1260. PDF

[A study of the distribution of fitness in F2 of two incipient mussel species, using molecular markers, showing the omnipresence of Dobzhansky-Muller substitutions in the genome of these taxa]

 

2005

 

P44) Pujol B., David P., McKey D. 2005 Microevolution in agricultural environments: how a traditional Amerindian farming practice favors heterozygosity in cassava. Ecology Letters 8:138-147. PDF

[How traditional farmers unconsciously create hyper-heterozygous lines by preserving only outbred vigorous plants in their cultivated stock]

 

P43) Pointier, J.-P., David, P., Jarne, P. 2005 Biological invasions : the case of planorbid snails. Journal of Helminthology 79: 1-9 PDF

[A review of currently known recent invasions by freshwater snails (family Planorbidae) worldwide, including disease vectors]

 

P42) Facon, B., Jarne, P., Pointier, J.-P., David, P. 2005 Hybridization and invasiveness in the freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata: hybrid vigour is more important than increase in genetic variance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology18: 524-535 PDF

[A detailed study of how new invasive strains of M. tuberculata appeared through sexual crosses between invasive strains. The new strains differ phenotypically from their parents, have increased variance in life-history traits, and outcompete them in the field. A beautiful example of how novel variants can arise in the context of invasive populations]

 

P41) Charmantier A., Henry P.-Y., Facon B., David P., Lambrechts M., Jarne P. 2005. Effets génétiques et environnementaux sur l’évolution de systèmes de reproduction : l’exemple des copulations hors-couple chez les mésanges et de l’autofécondation chez la physe. Les Actes du BRG 5 : 511-522. PDF

 

2004

 

P40) Pointier, J.-P., & David, P. 2004 Biological control of Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of schistosomes, by Marisa cornuarietis in ponds of Guadeloupe: long-term impact on the local snail fauna and aquatic flora. Biological Control, 29 : 81-89 PDF

[A 13-yr study of the competitive exclusion of Biomphalaria snails by the purposely introduced Marisa cornuarietis. This shows a successful example of biological control, with no impact on nontarget species, and a natural amplification of the impact of local competition through metapopulation effects]

 

P39) Facon, B., Machline, E., Pointier J.-P. & David, P. 2004. Variation in dessication tolerance in freshwater snails and its consequences on invasion ability. Biological Invasions, 6 : 283-293 PDF

[A study showing that different introduced strains have different abilities to tolerate experimental dessication. More tolerant strains tend to invade habitats more exposed to temporary drought]

 

P38) Duyck, P.-F., David, P. & Quilici, S. 2004 A review of relationships between interspecific competition and invasions in fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae). Ecological Entomology, 29 : 511-520 PDF

[A review of worldwide invasions by polyphagous Tephritid flies; the most salient result is the directionality of invasions with respect to resident communities. The ability of a species A to invade a territory occupied by species B represents an invasion link. These links are never found to be reciprocal, and they are found to be transitive. Invasion events obey a strict hierarchy]

 

P37) Slate, J., David, P. , Dodds, K.G., Veenvliet, B.A., Glass, B.C., Broad, T.E. & McEwan, J.C. 2004 Understanding the relationship between the inbreeding coefficient and multilocus heterozygosity: theoretical expectations and empirical data. Heredity, 93 : 255-265 PDF

[A mix of theory and empirical data showing that heterozygosity-fitness correlations are expected and observed only when a sufficient variance in inbreeding levels exists within a population. No wonder that the correlation is weak –or sometimes absent- in predominantly outbred vertebrate populations]

 

2003

 

P36) Pointier, J.-P., Facon, B., Jarne, P., & David, P. 2003 Les thiaridés, des gastéropodes envahisseurs des eaux douces tropicales. Xenophora, 104 : 3-7 PDF

[An account of the known morphological variants in Melanoides tuberculata and other invasive Thiarids, with beautiful pictures]

 

P35) Facon, B., Pointier, J.-P., Glaubrecht, M., Poux, C., Jarne, P. & David, P. 2003. A molecular phylogeography approach to biological invasions of the New World by parthenogenetic Thiarid snails. Molecular Ecology, 12 : 3027-3039 PDF

[A study of MtDNA diversity in native and invasive populations of the freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata worldwide. We show that many independent introductions have occurred, from various parts of the area of origin, bringing a huge molecular and morphological diversity into the invaded area]

 

P34) Marsic-Lucic, J., & David, P. 2003 Relationship between multiple-locus heterozygosity and growth rate in Ostrea edulis populations. Journal of Molluscan Studies 69: 319-323 PDF

[The lack of correlation between heterozygosity and size in oysters]

 

P33) Tsitrone, A., Jarne, P., & David, P. 2003 Delayed selfing and resource reallocations in relation to mate availability in the freshwater snail Physa acuta. American Naturalist 162 : 474-488. PDF

[The experimental validation of the waiting time model (P30) using a quantitative-genetic experiment in the snail Physa acuta]

 

P32) Bierne N, Bonhomme F & David P. 2003 Habitat preference and the marine speciation paradox. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B. 270 : 1399-1406 PDF

[The first proof, using molecular markers, that two marine taxa -the mussels M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis- can be ecologically isolated because their planktonic larvae settle in different habitats –protected and exposed]

 

P31) Bierne, N., Daguin, C., Bonhomme, F., David, P., & Borsa, P. 2003 Direct selection is not required to explain heterogeneity among marker loci across a Mytilus hybrid zone. Molecular Ecology, 12 : 2505-2510. PDF

[A note showing that differences in differenciation level among loci across a hybrid zone is no proof that the loci are under different selection regimes, and may reflect pure historical contingency]

 

P30) Tsitrone, A., Duperron, S. & David, P. 2003 Delayed selfing as an optimal mating strategy in a preferentially outcrossing species: Theoretical analysis of the optimal age at first reproduction in relation to mate availability. American Naturalist, 162 : 318-331 PDF

[The seminal model predicting a “waiting time” i.e., the optimal time a self-fertile, preferentially outcrossing, hermaphrodite should wait before resorting to self-fertilization, when mates or pollen are absent. A synthesis between models of life-history evolution and of mating system evolution]

 

P29) Bierne, N., F. Bonhomme and P. David 2003. Genetics at larval stage in marine bivalves. Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology 10: 239-262. M. Fingerman and R. Nagabhushanam, Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield.  

[The first proof, using molecular markers, that two marine taxa -the mussels M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis- can be ecologically isolated because their planktonic larvae settle in different habitats –protected and exposed]

 

P28) Ostrowski, M.-F., Jarne, P., David, P. 2003 A phallus for free? Quantitative genetics of sexual trade-offs in the snail Bulinus truncatus. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 16 : 7-16 PDF

[A quantitative-genetic study of genetic and phenotypic correlations in Bulinus to understand whether aphallic snails reinvest the energy not used to construct a phallus into egg-laying. A simple answer : no they don’t]

 

P27) Bierne, N., Borsa, P., Daguin, C., Jolivet, D., Viard, F., Bonhomme, F., & David, P. 2003 Introgression patterns in the mosaic hybrid zone between Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis. Molecular Ecology 12 : 447-461 PDF

[a molecular study of the contact zone between two incipient mussel species in Europe; the unique example of a 1000 km-wide hybrid zone with alternating patches of the two taxa, and a diversity in introgression rates]

 

2002

 

P26) Ostrowski, M.-F., Jarne, P., Berticat, O., & David, P. 2002 Ontogenetic reaction norm for binary traits : the timing of phallus development in the snail Bulinus truncatus. Heredity, 88, 342-348. PDF

[By applying temperature changes at specific timings, we show that the specification of the phally status occurs during a time window of 0 to 6 days from egg-laying]

 

P25) Mavárez J., Pointier J.-P., David P., Delay B., Jarne P. 2002. Genetic differentiation, dispersal and mating system in the schistosome-transmitting freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Heredity 89: 258-265 PDF

 

P24) Bierne, N., Lenormand, T., Bonhomme, F. & David, P. 2002 Deleterious mutations in a hybrid zone : can mutational load decrease the barrier to gene flow ? Genetical Research, 80 : 197-204 PDF

[A model showing how heterosis is superimposed with hybrid breakdown in a contact zone between two incipient species]

 

P23) Bierne, N., David, P., Langlade, A. & Bonhomme, F. 2002 Can habitat specialization maintain a mosaic hybrid zone in marine bivalves? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 245 : 157-170 PDF

[a study on ecological isolation between two incipient mussel species]

 

P22) Bierne, N., David, P., Boudry, P. & Bonhomme, F. 2002 Assortative fertilization and selection at larval stage in the mussels Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis. Evolution 56 : 292-298 PDF

[Description of a premating isolation mechanism between two incipient mussel species, based on gametic recognition, and postmating isolation by selective death of hybrid F1 embryos]

 

2001

 

P21) Tsitrone, A., Rousset, F., & David, P. 2001 Heterosis, marker mutation, and population inbreeding history. Genetics 149 : 1845-1859 PDF

[A model of how heterozygosity-fitness correlations emerge from inbreeding and population subdivision, with the explanation of why heterozygosity is more correlated to fitness than the proposed alternative for microsatellites, d²]

 

P20) Debat, V., & David, P. 2001 Mapping phenotypes : canalization, plasticity and developmental stability. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16 : 555-561 PDF

[A review on the various sources of phenotypic variance within and among individuals with historical and quantitative-genetic perspectives]

 

P19) Samadi, S., David, P., & Jarne, P. 2000 Variation of shell shape in the clonal snail Melanoides tuberculata, and its consequences for the interpretation of fossil series. Evolution 54 : 492-502 PDF

[An analysis of recent populations of this snail, whose fossil series in the Turkana basin served as a classical example for the Theory of punctuated equilibria. We show that Williamson’s and Gould’s ponctualist interpretation of the Turkana series is arbitrary and that the patterns could be explained by several simple alternative processes still occurring in living populations]

 

2000

 

P18) Ostrowski, M.-F., Jarne, P., & David, P. 2000 Quantitative genetics of sexual plasticity: the Environmental Threshold Model and genotype-by-environment interaction for phallus development in the snail Bulinus truncatus. Evolution, 54 : 1614-1625 PDF

[A quantitative genetic analysis of the incredible genetic diversity in reaction norms of aphally – the occasional loss of the male copulatory organ- to temperature in natural Bulinus populations; with a new statistical model to estimate reaction norms for binary traits]

 

P17) Jarne, P., Perdieu, M.-A., Pernot, A.-F., Delay, B., & David, P. 2000 The influence of self-fertilization and grouping on fitness attributes in the freshwater snail Physa acuta: population and individual inbreeding depression. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13: 645-655. PDF

[The first characterization of inbreeding depression in the snail Physa acuta, and evidence that it is a preferential outcrosser]

 

P16) Debat, V., Alibert, P., David P., Paradis, E., & Auffray, J.-C. 2000 Independence between developmental stability and canalisation in the skull of the house mouse. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B, 267 : 423-430. PDF

[a study showing that fluctuating asymmetry and phenotypic variance are not correlated among different traits of skull shape]

 

P15) David, P., Bjorksten, T., Fowler, K., & Pomiankowski, A. 2000 : Condition-dependent signalling of genetic variation in stalk-eyed flies. Nature 406 : 186-188. PDF

[A quantitative-genetic study showing that stress exacerbates the difference in sexual ornament development among males]

 

P14) Bierne, N., Tsitrone, A., & David, P. 2000 An inbreeding model of associative overdominance during a population bottleneck. Genetics 155 : 1981-1990. . PDF

[A model showing that heterozygosity-fitness correlations can arise from the rise in inbreeding that follows a population bottleneck, irrespective of physical linkage]

 

1999

 

P13) Bjorksten, T., David, P., Pomiankowski, A., Fowler K. 1999 Fluctuating asymmetry of sexual and non-sexual traits in stalk-eyed flies: a poor indicator of developmental stress and genetic quality. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13: 89-98 . PDF

 

P12) David, P. 1999 A quantitative model of the relationship between phenotypic variance and heterozygosity at marker loci under partial selfing. Genetics 153: 1463-1474. PDF

[How inbreeding creates negative correlations between heterozygosity and phenotypic variance without need to invoke changes in developmental stability]

 

P11) David, P., Hingle, A., Fowler, K., & Pomiankowski, A. 1999. Measurement bias and fluctuating asymmetry estimates. Animal Behaviour, 57 : 251-253. PDF

[A statistical advice on how to avoid spurious asymmetry due to measurement bias]

 

1998

 

P10) David, P., Hingle, A., Greig, D., Rutherford, A., Pomiankowski, A., & Fowler, K. 1998. Male sexual ornament size but not asymmetry reflects condition in stalk-eyed flies. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B, 265 : 2211-2216. PDF

[A proof that fluctuating asymmetry of male sexual ornaments does not respond to experimentally induced stress]

 

P9) David, P. 1998. Heterozygosity-fitness correlations: new perspectives on old problems. Heredity, 80: 531-537 PDF

[review article on heterozygosity-fitness correlations, and how to analyse them]

 

P8) Jarne, P., David, P., & Viard, F. 1998. Microsatellites, transposable elements and the X chromosome. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 15 : 28-34. PDF

 

1997

 

P7) David, P., Perdieu, M. A., Pernot, A. F., & Jarne, P. 1997. Fine-grained spatial and temporal population genetic structure in the marine bivalve Spisula ovalis. Evolution, 51 : 1318-1322. PDF

[Evidence for chaotic genetic differenciation at the scale of a few hundred meters (in space) and a few years (cohorts) within marine bivalve populations]

 

P6) Doums, C., Viard, F., David, P., & Jarne, P. 1997. Phally status and size in Niger populations of Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda : planorbidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 63 : 111-115. PDF

[A statistical analysis of aphally, the loss of male copulatory organs, in Nigerian populations of the freshwater Builnus truncatus]

 

P5) David, P., Delay, B., & Jarne, P. 1997. Heterozygosity and growth in the marine bivalve Spisula ovalis : testing alternative hypotheses. Genetical Research, 70: 215-223. PDF

[An application of the methods described in P4 using a huge allozyme dataset, showing that heterozygosity-fitness correlations are due to general inbreeding effects]

 

P4) David, P. 1997. Modeling the genetic basis of heterosis : tests of alternative hypotheses. Evolution, 51 : 1049-1057. PDF

[A theoretical study proposing three statistical methods to test whether heterozygosity-fitness correlations are due to direct overdominance or to indirect effects of inbreeding]

 

P3) David, P., Berthou, P., Noel, P., & Jarne, P. 1997. Patchy recruitment patterns in marine invertebrates : a spatial test of the density-dependent hypothesis in the bivalve Spisula ovalis. Oecologia, 111:331-340. PDF

[A demographic analysis of a marine bivalve, showing that cohorts are recruited in random, often non overlapping patches from one year to the next]

 

P2) David, P., & Jarne, P. 1997. Context-dependent survival differences among electrophoretic genotypes in natural populations of the marine bivalve Spisula ovalis. Genetics, 146: 335-344. PDF

[A correlation between heterozygosity and survival, established by recapturing the same cohorts at yearly intervals]

 

1995

 

P1) David, P., Delay, B., Berthou, P., & Jarne, P. 1995. Alternative models for allozyme-associated heterosis in the marine bivalve Spisula ovalis. Genetics, 139 : 1719-1726. PDF

[My first paper on heterozygosity-fitness correlations, in which I first defined the now widely used terms of local effects (i.e. caused by linked genes) and general effects (caused by genome-wide inbreeding).]

 

 

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12 janvier 2009

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